Endocrine Hormones

Question 1

ACTH

Answer 1

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 2

what kind of hormone is ACTH

Answer 2

peptide

Question 3

what organ is ACTH assoc with

Answer 3

adrenal glands

Question 4

where is ACTH released

Answer 4

from AP

Question 5

what cell type released ACTH

Answer 5

corticotroph cell

Question 6

stimuli that causes release of ACTH

Answer 6

stress stimuli

Question 7

target organ for ACTH

bind to what cells

Answer 7

adrenal glands

*bind to adrenocortical cells

Question 8

what happens after ACTH binds to rec cell on adrenal gland

Answer 8

corticosteroid hormones are released from cells

• mainly glucocorticoids
• some mineralcorticoids

Question 9

what kind of effects does glucocorticoids have on the body

Answer 9

anti-inflammatory
and
metabolic effects

Question 10

role of mineralcorticoids in body

Answer 10

electrolyte and fluid balance

Question 11

most important glucocoticoid hormone?

Answer 11

cortisol

Question 12

basic roles of cortisol

Answer 12

-anti-inflamammatory
-induces lipolysis
-in liver: promotes gluconeogenesis and increase glycogen storage
-incrs insulin resistance
-incrs blood gluc levels–>incr in insulin release
“diabetogenic”
-in muscles: stimulates proteolysis
**maintains BP levels via vasoconstriction
-decrs bone formation
-supresses Ca2 absoprtion in bowel
-inhibits fibroblasts leading to poor wound healing

Question 13

another name for GH

Answer 13

somatotropin

Question 14

GHRH binds to what cell in AP?

which hormone is released

Answer 14

somatotroph cells

—releases GH

Question 15

somatostatin?

Answer 15

also called growth hormone INHIBITING hormone

Question 16

how does somatostatin inhibit GH?

Answer 16

it blocks GHRH from acting on somatotroph cell in AP

Question 17

direct and indirect effects of GH

Answer 17

direct: incr gluconeogenesis, incr glycogenolysis, incr insulin resistance, incr lipoylsis, diabetogenic

indirect:
- stimulates release of insulin-like growth factor 1
* binds to rec in liver, skell muscle, bones and adrenal glands

Question 18

what cells produce prolactin

found in what organ

Answer 18

lactotrophes

AP

Question 19

what is prolactin inhibiting factor

Answer 19

dopamine

Question 20

prolactin releasing hormone is also called

Answer 20

thyrotropin releasing hormone

Question 21

ADH or___

Answer 21

vasopressin

Question 22

effects from ADH

Answer 22

vasocontriction
water retention—preventing the body from making too much urine

**INCR in BP

Question 23

as you become dehydrated, your plasma osmolarity incrs or decrs?

Answer 23

INCREASES

*bc nmber of solute remain the same but fluid is lost so its a hypertonic soln

Question 24

main hormones released from AP (6)

Answer 24

prolactin 
GH 
ACTH
LH 
FSH 
TSH

Question 25

AP hormones are secreted in a ____ way/pattern

Answer 25

pulsatile--regulation by many specific hypothalamic releasing factors

Question 26

what cells secrete prolactin

Answer 26

lactotropes

Question 27

predominant central control mechanism for prolactin release?

Answer 27

INHIBITORY**** dopamine from hypothalamus-->supresses release of prolactin

Question 28

other than inhib of dopamine, what other hormone stim porlactin release

Answer 28

TRH

Question 29

what is IGF-1

Answer 29

insulin-like growth factor 1

Question 30

functions of prolactin

Answer 30

milk production decrease sex drive decrease reproductive function *****all functions are geared so that maternal lactation is not disrupted and is sustained and not interrupted by pregnancy

Question 31

which is the most abundant AP hormone

Answer 31

GH

Question 32

which cells secrete GH

Answer 32

somatotrope cells--make up 50% of AP

Question 33

what inhibits GH secretion

Answer 33

somatostatin

Question 34

target cell that GH binds to?

Answer 34

IGF-1

Question 35

chronic glucocorticoid excess and relationship to GH

Answer 35

supresses GH release

Question 36

Estrogen and GH release

Answer 36

estrogen induces GH release

Question 37

which organs express greatest number of GH receptors

Answer 37

liver and cartilage

Question 38

functions of GH

Answer 38

``` induce protein synthesis nitrogen retention impairs glucose tolerance stimulates lipolysis--increasing FAs enhacement of lean body mass promotes NA, K and h2o retention elevates serum levels of phosphate ```

Question 39

major sourec of IGF-1?

Answer 39

liver

Question 40

what cells secrete ACTH

Answer 40

corticotrope cells--20% of AP cell population

Question 41

when does ACTH peak

Answer 41

early am about 6 am

Question 42

what can increase ACTH levels | 4

Answer 42

physical and psychological stress exercise acute illness insulin induced hypoglycemia

Question 43

name of the receptor that ACTH binds to?

Answer 43

melanocortin-2 receptor

Question 44

function of ACTH

Answer 44

steroidgenesis

Question 45

what cells secrete FSH and LH

Answer 45

gondotrope cells--10% of AP cell population

Question 46

what regulates ovulation

Answer 46

LH

Question 47

what stimulates estrogen production in ovaries

Answer 47

FSH

Question 48

what regulates spermatogenesis in men

Answer 48

FSH

Question 49

what stimulates testosterone synthesis

Answer 49

LH

Question 50

what cells secrete TSH

Answer 50

thyrotrope cells--5% of AP cell population

Question 51

what two cells does TRH stimulate

Answer 51

lactotrope and thyrotrope