Endocrinology: Adrenal Glands Flashcards by Caroline Bouillon

zona glomerulosa makes what hormone

mineralcorticoids
**aldosterone
constitues about 15% of cortex

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zona fasciculata makes what hormone

glucocoticoids
*cortisol
constitues about 78% of cortex

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Zona Reticularis makes what hormone

*estrogens/Androgens—DHEA and androstenedione

constitues about 7% of cortex

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what does Chromaffin cells produce

catecholamines

*epi and norepi

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where are the catecholamines produced

medulla

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effects of glucocorticoids

anti-inflammatory
metabolic–CHO
neurologic
growth suppressing

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glucocorticoids stimulate what in liver ?

gluconeogenesis in liver

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how does glucocortiods promote gluconeogenesis

via decreasing uptake of glucose into muscle cells, adipose cells and lymphatic cells

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glucocorticoids effect on immunity?

innate and adaptive immunity
AKA some SE when tx with glucocorticoids:
*poor wound infection
*incr risk of infections

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GLucocorticoids effect on proteins?

stimulate catabolism

* **breakdown protein in the body

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glucorticoids effect on AAs?

inhibit amino acid uptake and protein

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glucocorticoids effect on bone?

inhibit bone formation

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glucocorticoids effect on ADH secrtion

inhibit it

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Glucocorticoids effect on gastric acids?

stimulate gastric acid secretion

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most superficial layer of adrenal cortex?

Zona Glomerulosa

*just under the capsule

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what enzyme does the zona glomerulosa cells have

aldosterone synthase

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secretion of aldosterone is controllled by?

ECF [ ] of angiotensin II and K+

1. RAAS system

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mineralcorticoid action

regrulates ECF fluid volume

stimulates reabsoprtion of NA in kidneys AKA Na+ retention**
stimulates secretion of K+ and H+ in kidneys

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how does aldosterone cause NA retention?

by increasing the acts of the sodium pumps in nephrons

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what stimulates RAAS? (3)

Hyperkalemia
hyponatremia and water depletion
hypotension or decr blood volume–sepsis, hemm

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middle layer of the adrenal cortex

zona fasiculata

*secretes cortisol

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release of ACTH stim by? (4)

which is inhibitory and which is stimulatory

CRH–stimulatory
free cortisol–inhibitory
stress–stimulatory
sleep-wake cycle–circadian rhythm

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deepest layer of adrenal cortex

zona Reticularis

*adrenal adrogens

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sexual characterisitcs are determiend by?

gonadal testosterone

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what supresses androgens

exogenous glucocorticoids

cells found in the adrenal medulla?

Chromaffin cells---pheochromocytes

function of chromaffin cells

storage of catecholamines--epi and norepi

epi and norepi synthesizes from which AA?

AA--phenylalanin

only ___% of the circulating epi is secreted from adrenal medulla -where does the rest come from?

30% *rest comes from nerve terminals in sympNS--secreted when body need it

when do chromaffin cells release catecholamines

- stress - trauma - physiological stress: hypoclygemia, hypoxia, hypovolemia,

which hormones of the adrenal cortex are protein bound

cortisol | androgens

ACTH produced in?

which hormone stimulates ACTH

Cortiotropin rel hormone in hypothalm

which part of adrenal gland has high vasculature

adrenal medulla--so catecholamines get into blood right away

which nerve innervates adrenal gland

splanchnic nerve

which cells in kidneys stimulate renin

juxtaglomerular cells

what there is decreased perfusion.... what happens (in kidneys(

JG cells stimulate kidneys to stimulate renin

function of renin

renin converts angiotensinogen-->angiotensin I--->converted to angiotensin II via ACE

where is angiotensinogen found

liver

where is ACE found

lung capillaries

angiotensin II is a potent?

vasocontrictor---incrs BP

Angiotensin II stimulates____

Aldosterone from adrenal cortex

aldosterones action on kidney tubules

1. increases reabsoprtion of NA 2. increases excretion of K+ and H+ via tubules 3. incrs water retention--incrs blood volume--incrs BP 4. prevents acidosis via secretion of H+

ADH comes frOM? and is responsible for? vs Aldosterone comes from? and resp for? which is a secondary and primary cause of fluid overload?

ADH----post pit...resp for reabsorption of h20--causing water retention aldosterone--- adrenal cortex--- resp for h20 and NA reabsoprtion--- causing water retention-- ***fluid overload ADH=secondary cause Aldosterone=primary cause

angiotensin II stimulates release of ___ (2)

ADH or vasopresin & Aldosterone

who is in charge of long term BP regulation

aldosterone | ADH/vasopressin

what is a main SE of longterm use of exogenous glucocorticoids?

osteoporosis---bc glucocorticoids inhibit bone formation

WBC count rises/lowers when on glucocortioids | WHY???

INCREASES | *glucos inhbit bone formation--osteoporosis--bone b/d releases immune cells--- increases LEUKOCYTES

less of cortisol are HIGH/LOW in am?

high

explain anti-inflammatpry funct of cortisol

inhibits WBC leukocytes--decreases the immune responses and can delay healing of damaged tissue

the release of cortisol is____?

pulsatile AND circadian

what does pulsatile relese of cortisol mean

its rel in spurts--- >7 times throughout the day

which receptor in the adrenal gland does ACTH bind to

melanocortin-2 receptor

where is aldosterone metabolized and excreted

liver | urine

what controls release of androgens

ACTH

which is the most abundant circulating hormone in the body?

DHEA

major function of testosterone

masculinization and libido

in women, androgens are converted to?

estrogen and progesterone

in post menopausal women, where is the main supply of endogenous estrogen?

adrenal cortex

low levels of DHEA are assoc with what diseases in mn and women

cardiovasc in men | premenopausal BC and OC in women

high levels of DHEA can put a women at risk for?

postmenopasual BC

what is increased aldosterone secretion called | decreaad?

hyPERaldosternonism | HYPOaldosteronism

Increasd cortisol secretion leads to?

Cushing's syndrome

what is decreased cortisol secretion called

adrenal insufficiency

Conn syndrome can cause?

hypernatremia hyPOkalemia HTN

MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism?

bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

conn sydrome is a type of?

primary hyperaldosteronism

MCC of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

renal artery stenosis

primary hyperaldosteronism is a cause of ____

secondary HTN

what do we suspect in PTs <30 or >60 who develop sudden HTN

primary hyperaldosteronism

what do we suspect with PTs who have uncontrolled HTN after trying 3 different BP meds?

primary hyperaldosteronism

addison's disease is? | MCC?

when over 90% of adrenal tissue is destroyed | *MC cause--> autoimmune destruction

primary hypoaldosteronism MC caused by?

addison's disease-->adrenal insufficiency

Endocrinology: Adrenal Glands Flashcards

(73 cards)