Endocrine Overview And Pituitary

Question 0

What are the two types of receptors hormones must bind to to trigger action?

Answer 0

Cell surface

Intra cellular

Question 1

What are the three types of hormones?

Answer 1

Steroids
Amino acid analogues
Small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins

Question 2

What does the activation of cell surface receptors stimulate production of ?

Answer 2

Second messengers

Question 3

What are 4 examples of secondary messengers

Answer 3

cAMP
DAG
IP3
Calcium

Question 4

What are the three binding domains on intra cellular receptors

Answer 4

Hormone binding region
DNA binding region
An amino terminal region

Question 5

How do intra cellular receptors increase cell metabolism

Answer 5

Increase mRNA = increase in proteins

Question 6

What is the largest collection of endocrine cells in the body

Answer 6

Gastroenterohepatic system

Question 7

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

Answer 7

Infundibulum

Question 8

Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary develop from

Answer 8

Oropharynx ectoderm (rathke’s pouch)

Question 9

What are the three parts of the anterior pouch of the pituitary?

Answer 9

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

Question 10

What does the posterior part of the pituitary develope from and where

Answer 10

Neural secretory tissue in the diencephalon

Question 11

What are the parts of the posterior pituitary

Answer 11

Pars nervosa

Infundibulum

Question 12

What are the two arterial supplies of the pituitary

Answer 12

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 13

What does the superior hypophyseal arteries supply

Answer 13

Pars tuberalis
Median eminance
Infundibulum

Question 14

What does the inferior hypophyseal arteries supply

Answer 14

Pars nervosa

Question 15

Where does most of the blood from the pituitary drain into?

Answer 15

Cavernous sinus

Question 16

What are the 6 hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary

Answer 16

**flat pg
Follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)
Lutinizing hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH )
Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh )
Prolactin 
Growth hormone (gh)

Question 17

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are tropic?

Answer 17

*flat
Fsh
LH
ACTH
TSH

Question 18

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are not tropic

Answer 18

GH

Prolactin

Question 19

What are the 5 cell types in the anterior pituitary based on immunochemistry

Answer 19

Somatotropes
Lactotropes
Corticotropes
Gonadotropes
Thyrotropes

Question 20

What do somatotropes produces

Answer 20

GH

Question 21

What do lactotropes produce

Answer 21

Prolactin

Question 22

What do corticotropes produce

Answer 22

ACTH

POMC

Question 23

What do gonadotropes produce

Answer 23

FSH

LH

Question 24

What do thyrotropes produce

Answer 24

TSH

Question 25

What two conditions can an adenoma cause

Answer 25

Gigantism | Acromegaly

Question 26

Hyperprolactinemia causes what symptoms

Answer 26

Milk secretion Low libido Infertility Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in women

Question 27

What is found in the pars nervosa

Answer 27

Neurosecretory axons + endings

Question 28

What can be found along all parts of the neurons of the pars nervosa?

Answer 28

Secretory vesicles

Question 29

What do herring bodies in the posterior lobe contain?

Answer 29

ADH or oxytocin ATP Neurophysin

Question 30

What are the only cells that are specific to the posterior pituitary?

Answer 30

Pituicytes

Question 31

What do pituicytes contain?

Answer 31

GFAP

Question 32

What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) act on?

Answer 32

Water channels = aquaporins (Aqp-2)

Question 33

What two conditions would stimulate the release of ADH?

Answer 33

High plasma osmolality | Decreased blood volume

Question 34

What is the condition where there is a reduced amount or absence of ADH?

Answer 34

Diabetes insipidus

Question 35

What is different about nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 35

A mutation in AQP2 and ADH receptors makes the kidney unable to respond to ADH

Question 36

What is the primary effect of oxytocin

Answer 36

Promote smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and mammary glands

Question 37

What are the two cells found in the pineal gland

Answer 37

Pinealocytes | Interstitial cells

Question 38

What does the pineal gland secrete

Answer 38

Melatonin