Endocrine pharmacology (Yr2) Flashcards
what drugs can be used to treat hyperthyroidism?
radioiodine
thioureylenes
what drugs can be used to treat hypothyroidism?
levothyroxine
liothyronine
how does radioiodine work in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
rapidly and selectively taken up by thyroid cells causing death of thyroid follicle cells
how is radioiodine administered?
injection (must be hospitalised and excreta treated with care)
what are examples of thiureylenes?
carbimazole and thiamazole (carbimazole is metabolised to thiamazole)
why might patients being treated for hyperthyroidism present with CKD later?
same population (older cats) are predisposed to both, so treating hyperthyroidism often decreases GFR and unmasks hidden renal disease
how is insulin administered?
SC injection (broken down by GI tract if given orally)
what are the main adverse effects of insulin therapy?
hypoglycaemia
insulin resistance
what is one of the main therapies used for type II diabetes in cats?
oral hypoglycaemic drugs (sulphonureas)
how do oral hypoglycaemic drugs work?
stimulate insulin secretion from beta bells and increase insulin sensitivity (need residual beta cell function for these drugs to work)
what should be administered with oral calcium salts when treating hypocalcaemia?
vitamin D (calcium is poorly absorbed otherwise)
what are the main indications for using vitamin D preparations?
chronic management of hypocalcaemia following thyroidectomy or immune mediated hypoparathyroidism
osteodystrophy in CKD due to decreased calcitriol secretion
what are the main uses for glucocorticoids?
replacement therapy for Addison dogs
anti-inflammatory and immune-suppression
what are some possible adverse effects of glucocorticoids?
immune-suppression (and poor wound healing)
cushings
osteoporosis
hyperglycaemia
muscle wasting
oedema and fluid/electrolyte imbalances
GI ulcers
abortions in late pregnancy
what is the main use of mineralocorticoid receptor agonists?
replacement therapy for Addison dogs
