Endocrine & Reproductive Health

Question 1

endocrine glands

Answer 1

ductless or tubeless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

main function: includes various organs that work together to regulate body functions

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

chemical substances that help regulate many of your body’s functions

Question 3

thyroid gland

Answer 3

produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, & bone growth

Question 4

parathyroid glands

Answer 4

produce a hormone that regulates the body’s balance of calcium & phosphorus

Question 5

pituitary gland

Answer 5

regulates & controls the activities of all other endocrine glands

3 sections/lobes: anterior, intermediate, posterior

2 parts that make up each gland: adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla

Question 6

pancreas

Answer 6

a gland that serves both the digestive & the endocrine systems

Question 7

adrenal glands

Answer 7

help the body deal with stress & respond to emergencies

produce hormones that regulate the body’s salt & water balance

Question 8

intermediate

Answer 8

being at the middle place or stage

Question 9

sperm

Answer 9

the male gametes, or reproductive cells

Question 10

testosterone

Answer 10

the male sex hormone

Question 11

testes/testicles

Answer 11

2 small glands, located in the scrotum, that secrete testosterone & produce sperm in 100s of tiny tubules

Question 12

scrotum

Answer 12

an external skin sac

Question 13

penis

Answer 13

a tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes

Question 14

semen

Answer 14

a thick fluid containing sperm & other secretions from the male reproductive system

Question 15

fertilization

Answer 15

the joining of a male sperm cell & female egg cell

Question 16

foreskin

Answer 16

thin loose skin that covers the penis at birth

some parents choose circumcision- surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

Question 17

sterility

Answer 17

the inability to reproduce

Question 18

eggs

Answer 18

female gametes or ova (singular: ovum)

Question 19

ovaries

Answer 19

female sex glands, located on each side of the uterus, that store the ova & produce female sex hormones

Question 20

uterus

Answer 20

the hollow, muscular; pear-shaped organ that nourishes & protects a fertilized ovum until birth

Question 21

ovulation

Answer 21

the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month

Question 22

fallopian tubes

Answer 22

a pair of tubes w/ fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum

Question 23

vagina

Answer 23

a muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

AKA the birth canal

Question 24

menstruation

Answer 24

the shedding of the uterine lining

Question 25

cervix

Answer 25

the opening to the uterus

Question 26

(hypothalamus)

Answer 26

links the endocrine & nervous systems & stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete hormones

Question 27

(pineal gland)

Answer 27

secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to affect the onset of puberty, & regulates sleep cycles

Question 28

(thymus)

Answer 28

regulates the development of the immune system

Question 29

epididymis

Answer 29

coiled tube where sperm mature & are stored

Question 30

urethra

Answer 30

passageway through which semen & urine leave the body

Question 31

prostate/Cowper's gland

Answer 31

produce secretions that combine w/ sperm-containing fluid to form semen

Question 32

seminal vesicle

Answer 32

produces fluid that nourishes the sperm & makes them more mobile

Question 33

vas deferens

Answer 33

tubes that extend from each epididymis to the urethra

Question 34

endometrium

Answer 34

tissue lines the uterus

Question 35

implantation

Answer 35

the process by which the zygote attaches to the uterine wall

Question 36

embryo

Answer 36

a cluster of cells that develops the 3rd-8th week of pregnancy

Question 37

fetus

Answer 37

a name for a group of developing cells after about the 8th week of pregnancy

Question 38

parental care

Answer 38

the steps that a pregnant female can take to provide for her own, and the health of her baby

Question 39

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 39

a group of alcohol-related birth defects that includes both physical & mental problems

Question 40

eventually

Answer 40

at an unspecified later time

Question 41

2 structures that form outside embryo

Answer 41

amniotic sac: thin, fluid-fllled membrane that surrounds & protects the developing embryo umbilical cord: ropelike structure that connects the fetus w/ the mom's placenta

Question 42

6 complications of pregnancy

Answer 42

1. **premature birth**: born early 2. **miscarriage**: unexpected termination of the pregnancy or a spontaneous abortion 3. **still birth**: baby dies during child birth & is born dead 4. **gestational hypertension**: high blood pressure during pregnancy 5. **pre-eclampsia**: severe high blood pressure, swelling 6. **ectopic pregnancy**: zygote implants in fallopian tube not uterus