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Histology 2ndYR 1stSem Midterms > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Pituitary Gland is found where?

A

Sphenoid Bone

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2
Q

Two lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior & Posterior

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3
Q

Parts of the Anterior Pituitary lobe

A

1.) Pars Tuberalis
2.) Pars Intermedia
3.) Parrs Distalis

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4
Q

Pituitary Lobe directly connected to the hypothalamus

A

Posterior Lobe

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5
Q

Posterior Pituitary Lobe and Hypothalamus is connected by what?

A

Infundibulum

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6
Q

Produces hormones that stimulate and release pituitary hormones

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Which hormones does the Posterior pituitary lobe produce?

A

None. Posterior lobe only stores hormones.

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8
Q

Anterior Pituitary lobe is derived from where?

A

From an outgrowth of oral mucosa (Rathke’s Pouch)

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9
Q

Major cell types in the Anterior pituitary lobe

A

Alpha cells & Beta cells

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10
Q

2 Alpha cells in the Anterior pituitary lobe

A

Somatotrophs & Lactotrophs

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11
Q

4 Beta cells in the Anterior pituitary lobe

A

-Gonadotrophs
-Thyrotrophs
-Corticotrophs
-Chromophobe

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12
Q
  • Biggest part of the Anterior pituitary lobe
  • produces almost all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland
A

Pars Distalis (75%)

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13
Q

Forms sleeve around pituitary stalk of neurohypophysis

A

Pars Tuberalis

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14
Q

Cells of Pars Tuberalis are mostly composed of?

A

Gonadotrophs

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15
Q

Separates the anterior and posterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

Pars Intermedia

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16
Q

What do you call the follicles in the Pars Intermedia

A

Rathke’s cysts

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17
Q

What does the Pars Intermedia produce?

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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18
Q

Posterior pituitary gland is derived from?

A

Neural Ectoderm

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19
Q

Most numerous cells in posterior pituitary gland

A

Pituicytes

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20
Q

Focal axonal swellings packed with secretory granules

A

Neurosecretory Bodies

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21
Q

Neurosecretory bodies are a.k.a?

A

Herring Bodies

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22
Q

Small, cone shaped gland that arises as evagination from roof of diencephalon

A

Pineal Gland

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23
Q

Hormone produced by pinealocytes

A

Melatonin

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24
Q

Secretion of Melatonin is:

1.) Stimulated by ______
2.) Inhibited by _____

A

1.) Darkness
2.) Light

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25
Cells of Pineal Gland
Pinealocytes (95%) & Interstitial cells (5%)
26
Largest Endocrine Gland
Thyroid Gland
27
Thyroid Gland arises as?
Epithelial invagination at base of tongue
28
Right and Left lobe of Thyroid gland is connected by the?
Isthmus
29
Hormones produced by Thyroid (follicular cells)
- TRH - TSH - T3 - T4
30
Hormone released by parafollicular cells of Thyroid
Calcitonin
31
Function of Calcitonin
- Lowers blood calcium levels - Inhibits bone resorption by directly suppressing osteoclasts
32
Divides Thyroid into poorly-defined lobules
Septae
33
Yellowish-brown, tiny, ovoid bodies attached to posterior surface of thyroid
Parathyroid Gland
34
Superior parathyroid glands arise from where?
Fourth pharyngeal pouch
35
Inferior parathyroid glands arise from where?
Third pharyngeal pouch
36
Principal/Active cells of the Parathyroid gland
Chief Cells
37
Non-active cells of the Parathyroid gland
Oxyphil Cells
38
Hormone produced by Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
39
Function of PTH
Regulates blood calcium level
40
Indentation at the middle of the anteromedial aspect of the Adrenal Gland
Hilus
41
3 parts of the Adrenal Cortex
1.) Zona Glomerulosa 2.) Zona Fasciculata 3.) Zona Reticularis
42
Outer layer of Adrenal Gland (surrounded by capsule)
Adrenal Cortex
43
- Covers the Adrenal Gland - Rich in Reticular Fibers - Elements penetrate up to Medulla
Adrenal Cappsule
44
What does the Zona Glomerulosa produce?
Mineralocorticoids
45
What does the Zona Fasciculata produce?
Glucocorticoids
46
What does the Zona Reticularis produce?
Androgens
47
Thickest layer of the Adrenal cortex
Zona Fasciculata(78%)
48
Cells of the Zona Fasciculata are called?
Spongiocytes
49
Zona Glomerulosa takes up __% of the Adrenal Cortex
15%
50
Thinnest and Innermost layer of the Adrenal Cortex
Zona Reticularis
51
Cells in the Zona Fasciculata are arranged how?
Arranged in long, thin straight cords perpendicular to capsule
52
Cords in the Zona Fasciculata are separated by?
Sinusoids
53
Cells in the Zona Reticularis are arranged how?
Arranged in short anastomosing cords
54
Layer of the Adrenal Gland not essential for life
Adrenal Medulla
55
The adrenal medulla comprises only ____% of adrenal gland
10% - 20%
56
Most of the Adrenal Medulla are composed of what cells
Chromaffin Cells
57
What do Chromafin cells synthesize?
Bioactive amines & Peptides
58
What is secreted by 90% of chromaffin cells
Epinephrine
59
What is secreted by 10% of chromaffin cells
Norepinephrine
60
Both an Exocrine and Endocrine gland
Pancreas
61
Endocrine portion of the Pancreas
Islet of Langerhans
62
Islet of Langerhans only take up _% of the Pancreas
2%
63
Aggregations of pale-staining cells scattered throughout darker staining cells of exocrine pancreas
Islet of Langerhans
64
Most numerous cells in Islet of Langerhans
Beta Cells (60-70%)
65
About 20% of cells in Islet of Langerhans
Alpha Cell
66
About 5% of cells in Islet of Langerhans
Delta Cell
67
Rare cells in Islet of Langerhans (a.k.a PP Cell)
F Cell
68
What hormones are stored in the Posterior pituitary lobe
Anitdiuretic Hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin
69
What produces ADH which is then stored in the posterior pituitary lobe?
Supraoptic Nuclei of the Hypothalamus
70
What produces Oxytocin which is then stored in the posterior pituitary lobe?
Paraventricular Nuclei of the Hypothalamus

Histology 2ndYR 1stSem Midterms (5 decks)

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