ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

iodothyronines are derived from

Answer 1

tyrosine

Question 2

melatonin and serotonin are derived from

Answer 2

tryptophan

Question 3

examples for amines

Answer 3

iodothyronines, melatonin, and serotonin

Question 4

catecholamines are derived from

Answer 4

tyrosines

Question 5

catecholamines examples

Answer 5

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 6

steroid hormones

Answer 6

fat-soluble hormones, derived from cholesterol

Question 7

steroid hormones examples

Answer 7

adrenocorticoids, gonadal hormones

Question 8

most abundant type of hormones

Answer 8

peptide hormones

Question 9

water-soluble hormones

Answer 9

peptide hormones

Question 10

proteinous hormones

Answer 10

100-200 AA

Question 11

Proteinaceous hormones examples

Answer 11

TSH, GH, GSH, hCG, hPL, Relaxin, gastrointestinal hormone

Question 12

polypeptide hormones

Answer 12

30-100 AA

Question 13

Short peptide

Answer 13

3-9 AA

Question 14

Fatty acid-derived hormones examples

Answer 14

prostaglandin

Question 15

glands derived from ectoderm?

Answer 15

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, adrenal medulla

Question 16

glands derived from mesoderm?

Answer 16

gonads

Question 17

glands derived from endoderm?

Answer 17

thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, adrenal cortex

Question 18

anterior pituitary secretes how many hormones?

Answer 18

6 trophic hormones

Question 19

glands that are not under the direct control of the pituitary?

Answer 19

parathyroid, thymus, pancreas, pineal gland and adrenal medulla

Question 20

growth hormone functions

Answer 20

increases the glucose levels in the blood by lipolysis of adipocytes and decreasing the insulin level. Increases the amino acid level in the blood

Question 21

prolactin is also known as

Answer 21

mammotropic hormone, luteotrophin,

Question 22

the degeneration of the anterior lobe of the pituitary causes a disease called

Answer 22

Simmonds disease or acromicria

Question 23

functions of melatonin

Answer 23

the biological clock, maintains body temperature, metabolism, pigmentation, and defense mechanisms of the body. it inhibits ovarian functions and delays sexual maturity

Question 24

largest endocrine gland in the body

Answer 24

thyroid

Question 25

two lobes of the thyroid contain

Answer 25

3 million follicles and stromal tissue

Question 26

functions of thyroxines

Answer 26

controls BMR, cell respiration, metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, stimulates erythropoiesis, influences the working of kidney tubules, promotes protein synthesis, maintains body temperature, and regulate menstrual cycle

Question 27

hypothyroidism in children

Answer 27

cretinism

Question 28

hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 28

myxoedema or gull disease

Question 29

Hashimoto's disease

Answer 29

degeneration of the thyroid gland

Question 30

thyrocalcitonin is a

Answer 30

hypocalcemic hormone

Question 31

para calcitonin is a

Answer 31

hypercalcemic hormone

Question 32

adrenal cortex is divided into

Answer 32

zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

Question 33

mineralocorticoids are secreted by

Answer 33

zona glomerulosa

Question 34

hyposecretion of mineralocorticoids causes

Answer 34

addison's disease

Question 35

hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids causes

Answer 35

aldosteronism or Conn's disease

Question 36

most abundant type of corticosteroids

Answer 36

glucocorticoids

Question 37

most important glucocorticoids?

Answer 37

cortisol

Question 38

stress hormone

Answer 38

cortisol

Question 39

glucocorticoids are primarily involved in

Answer 39

carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism and also promote glycogenolysis, proteolysis, lipolysis, and promote gluconeogenesis. it also promotes erythropoiesis and creates anti-allergic responses.

Question 40

hyposecretion of cortisol

Answer 40

Addison's disease

Question 41

hypersecretion of cortisol

Answer 41

Cushing's disease

Question 42

intracellular hormonal action is shown by

Answer 42

fat-soluble steroids or lipophilic hormones and iodothyronines

Question 43

extracellular hormonal action is shown by

Answer 43

water-soluble hydrophilic hormones such as catecholamines and peptide hormones, growth factors

Question 44

secondary messengers are

Answer 44

cyclin AMP, Calcium ions, Diacyl Glycerol(DG), inositol triphosphate