Endocrine System

Question 1

Exocrine

Answer 1

Secretion into a duct
Distal/downstream organ is target for effect

Question 2

Endocrine

Answer 2

Secretion into bloodstream
Potentially multiple target organs for effect

Question 3

Pituitary Gland

Answer 3

“master gland” and composed of anterior and posterior lobe

Question 4

Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 4

Produces & secretes for bodily functions
6 major hormones

Question 5

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 5

Stores & secretes 2 hormones, ≠ production, Oxytocin & ADH

Question 6

Thyroid gland

Answer 6

Hormones of metabolism, breathing, heart rate, body weight, muscle strength, body temperature

Question 7

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 7

Excessive thyroid hormone → over simulation & ↑ body metabolism

Question 8

Graves disease

Answer 8

Most common form of hyperthyroidism, pressure or pain in eyes, eyelids retract, sensitive to light

Question 9

Hypothyroidism

Answer 9

Deficiency = slowed body metabolism
Most common thyroid disorder, elevated TSH levels

Question 10

type 1 hypothyroidism

Answer 10

primary/hormone deficient – result of reduced functional thyroid tissue, 95%

Question 11

type 2 hypothyroidism

Answer 11

secondary/hormone resistant – inadequate simulation of thyroid gland due to pituitary or hypothalamic disease

Question 12

parathyroid gland

Answer 12

Secrete PTH = regulation of calcium & phosphorus metabolism

Question 13

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 13

Disorder of overactivity of 1 or more of parathyroid glands
Disrupts calcium, phosphate & bone metabolism

Question 14

Hypoparathyroidism symptoms

Answer 14

Tinging in fingertips, mouth & feet becomes more severe & painful muscle tension, spasms, grimacing, laryngospasm & arrhythmias

Question 15

Addison’s Disease

Answer 15

Primary adrenal insufficiency, Disorder within adrenal gland = ↓ cortisol & aldosterone production

Question 16

addison’s disease symptoms

Answer 16

muscle fatigue and weakness, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, fainting, muscle and joint pains

Question 17

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 17

stimulates activity in the thyroid gland

Question 18

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 18

stimulates adrenal glands to release cortisol

Question 19

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 19

helps with normal functioning of the male and female reproductive systems

Question 20

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 20

fuels childhood growth and helps to maintain tissues and organs throughout life.

Question 21

luteinizing hormone

Answer 21

plays an important role in sexual development and functioning

Question 22

Prolactin

Answer 22

responsible for lactation, breast development, and hundreds of other actions needed to maintain homeostasis.

Question 23

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 23

the opposite of diuresis, to increase water by decreasing amount passed in urine.

Question 24

Oxytocin

Answer 24

Acts on breast, uterus & chemical messenger to the brain. Role in men (sperm transport and production of testosterone)

Question 25

Cushing's syndrome

Answer 25

Hypercortisolism, hyper function of the adrenal gland. Cushing's syndrome is from the adrenal gland and Cushing's disease is from the pituitary gland.

Question 26

Cushing's syndrome symptoms

Answer 26

muscle weakness, cognitive difficulties, new or worsened high blood pressure, bone loss (OP and fx), slow wound healing

Question 27

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 27

Kidneys fail to resorb water = dilute urine, excessive thirst, nocturia & dehydration

Question 28

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Answer 28

Excessive fluid release into system = severe hyponatremia, lethargy, nausea, anorexia & weakness