Exam 4 Study Guide Flashcards

(62 cards)

1
Q

Wheezes & Rhonchi

A

Thickening of bronchial tubes due to mucus buildup. Heard with asthma, COPD, bronchitis

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2
Q

Crackles

A

Fluid in the lung sacs. Heard with pneumonia, CHF, heart disease, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis

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3
Q

Stridor

A

Blockage in the upper airway; i.e. choking

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4
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A

The lung sticks to the pleura. Heard with pleurisy, pneumonia, lung tumor

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5
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection of the lung tissues

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6
Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

A

symptoms include pleuritic chest pain, hacking productive cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, headache, flu like symptoms.

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7
Q

Empyema

A

A collection of pus in cavity between lung & pleural space.

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8
Q

Symptoms of Empyema

A

Symptoms include dry cough, chest pain worse on inspiration & flu like symptoms

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9
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

It is an air flow limitation that is not fully reversible.

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10
Q

Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Symptoms include chronic cough, exertional dyspnea, and expectoration (expulsion of fluids, mucus). Breath sounds are distant, cackling and wheezing on exhalation.

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11
Q

Chronic obstructive Bronchitis

A

Inflammation and scarring of the bronchial lining which results in obstructed airflow and creates mucus. AKA blue bloater

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12
Q

Symptoms of Chronic obstructive Bronchitis

A

Symptoms include shortness of breath, prolonged expiration, and recurrent infection.

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13
Q

Emphysema

A

enlargement of the airspaces beyond terminal bronchiole. (you can inhale but can’t exhale) AKA pink puffer

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14
Q

Symptoms of Emphysema

A

cough is uncommon, tachypnea, prolonged expiration, and accessory muscle use. Patient is usually thin.

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15
Q

Asthma

A

Reversible chronic condition of inflammation and increased reactivity of smooth muscles. Widespread narrowing of airways due to triggers

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16
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

symtoms include cough, dyspnea, wheezing during exhalation, & accessory muscles. The big part here is the “wheezing.”

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17
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Any condition reduces chest wall movement & lung volume, problem of the lungs themselves rather than airway leading to lungs.

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18
Q

Symptoms of Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Rapid shallow breathing, chronic tachypnea

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19
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

A

AKA interstitial lung disease, epithelial damage leading to progressive scarring/fibrosis of the lungs

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20
Q

Symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis

A

Presents with progressive dyspnea and non-productive cough

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21
Q

Lung Cancer

A

Malignancy of the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract

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22
Q

Symptoms of lung cancer

A

cough, dyspnea, sputum production, systemic symptoms include anorexia, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. Pain with bone metastases is common.

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23
Q

Pancoast Tumor

A

tumor at the apex, can result in severe arm and shoulder pain, symptoms are constitutional, Horners syndrome.

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24
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Partial or complete obstruction of the pulmonary arterial blood flow

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25
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
shortness of breath, cough, wheezing. Chest pain with infarct, edema (right sided heart failure)
26
Pleurisy
an infection of the pleural cavity
27
Pleural effusion
the buildup of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity
28
Pneumothorax
the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity, result is collapse of lung on affected side
29
Hemothorax
the presence of blood in the pleural cavity
30
Symptoms of Pneumothorax
sharp sudden pleural chest pain, decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse, tachycardia
31
"Lub" heart sound
ventricles are full, the AV valves close
32
"Dub" heart sound
semilunar valves close to prevent blood from flowing back into ventricles from aorta and pulmonary arteries.
33
Ventricular gallop
3rd heart sound, caused by rapid ventricular filling. Occurs at the beginning of diastole after S2. Sounds like "Tennessee." can also be normal.
34
Murmurs
whooshing or swishing sounds, can be innocent or abnormal. Common in adolescents.
35
Systolic murmurs
occurs between S1 and S2, during systole (ventricular contraction)
36
Diastolic murmurs
occurs after S2 and before S1, duration occurs during diastole (relaxation). All diastolic murmurs imply some altercation of anatomy or function
37
Normal Blood Pressure
<120/<80
38
Elevated Blood Pressure
120-129/<80
39
Stage 1 Hypertension
130-139/80-89
40
Stage 2 Hypertension
>140/>90
41
Hypertensive Crisis
>180/>120
42
Symptoms of hypertension
usually asymptomatic but can include headache, vertigo, flushing, blurred vision
43
Atherosclerosis
thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial wall
44
Stable angina
occurs during activity or on exertion, temporary pain (burning, pressing)
45
Unstable angina
periinfarction, occurs at rest without cause or exertion, needs immediate action to reduce risk
46
Variant angina
result of vasospasm of coronary artery in absence of occlusive disease
47
Left sided heart failure
left ventricular failure, dyspnea, fatigue and weakness, and renal changes.
48
Right sided heart failure
Cor pulmonale, failure of right ventricle, dependent edema, jugular venous distension, sharp RUQ pain, cyanosis
49
Polyarteritis Nodosa
inflammatory lesions
50
Bell
lower frequency sounds
51
diaphragm
higher frequency sounds
52
High frequency
opening and closing of valves
53
low frequency
3rd and 4th heart sounds
54
vesicular breath sound
soft low pitch
55
Bronchovesicular breath sound
medium loud, medium pitch
56
Bronchial breath sound
loud, strong, high pitched
57
tracheal breath sound
very loud, high pitched
58
wheezing sound
high pitched whistling noise when breathing out, asthma, COPD,
59
Rhonchi sound
low pitched wheezing noise, COPD and bronchitis
60
crackling sound
series of short, explosive sounds, sounds like bubbling, rattling, or clicking, pneumonia, heart disease, pulmonary fibrosis
61
stridor sound
harsh, noisy squeaking with every breath
62
pleural friction rub
rough, scratchy sound, sign of pleurisy, pneumonia or lung tumor