Endocrine System

Question 1

What do endocrine glands secrete?

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

What is the difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands?

Answer 2

Endocrine glands secrete into the blood and are ductless
Exocrine glands secrete on the epithelial level and into the ductal system

Question 3

What is a hormone?

Answer 3

It is a chemical messenger that is produced by a gland.

Question 4

What do the hormones do?

Answer 4

They alter the activity of a targeted tissue

Question 5

How do hormones alter activity do so?

Answer 5

They change the type, quantity, or activity of protein in tissues.

Question 6

How are hormones distributed?

Answer 6

They are dumped into the blood stream

Question 7

What are the 4 functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 7

Digestion/Metabolism of Nutrients
Water and Electrolyte balance
Growth and Development
Reproduction

Question 8

How do the hormones affect the function of Digestion/Metabolism of nutrients

Answer 8

Modulate digestive processes
Control serum sugar concentrations
Modulate stress response via cortisol

Question 9

How do hormones affect the water and electrolyte balance?

Answer 9

They modulate blood pressure

Question 10

What is a steroid hormone derived from?

Answer 10

Cholesterol.

Question 11

How is the steroid hormone derived?

Answer 11

Through several enzyme steps, converting cholesterol in gonad and adrenal glands.

Question 12

Do steroids enter the cell?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What is the first step in steroid hormone mechanism

Answer 13

The steroid diffuses into the cells cytoplasm

Question 14

What is the second step in steroid hormone mechanism

Answer 14

It will bind a receptor, causing the receptor to dimerize, and translocate to the nucleus

Question 15

What is the 3rd step of steroid hormone mechanism

Answer 15

The receptor complex binds DNA at the hormone’s response element.

Question 16

Whats the 4th, 5th, and 6th steps of steroid mechanism?

Answer 16

The receptor acts as a transcription factor, which triggers transcription and translation to synthesize proteins.

Question 17

What are peptide/protein hormones

Answer 17

They are chains of amino acids

Question 18

Do peptide/protein hormones enter the cell?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

What is the step cycle for protein hormones

Answer 19

The hormone binds the receptor on the membrane of the target cell
It will activate the the g protein, releasing GDP and picking up GTP.
This will activate another enzyme, which will accumulated a 2nd messenger and with atp, will carry out certain tasks within the cell.

Question 20

Why are hormones often carried in blood by transport porteins?

Answer 20

The decreased activity will decrease hormone breakdown, meaning it lasts longer in the blood. It also increases its solubility in water.

Question 21

How are the endocrine and nervous system similar?

Answer 21

They both rely on chemical messengers, share chemical messengers, regulated by feedback loops, and maintain homeostasis.

Question 22

How are the endocrine and nervous system different?

Answer 22

They use different chemical messengers, Time till effect, Duration of effects, and their pathways.