Endocrine System

Question 1

the endocrine system is composed of ___

Answer 1

endocrine glands

Question 2

what do you call the small amounts of chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands?

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

hormones circulate to specific sites called the ___-

Answer 3

target tissues or effectors

Question 4

the study of endocrine system

Answer 4

endocrinology

Question 5

they allow cells to communicate with each other to regulate body activities

Answer 5

chemical messengers

Question 6

what are the four types of chemical messengers

Answer 6

1. autocrine
2. paracrine
3. neurotransmitter
4. endocrine

Question 7

this type of chemical messenger is secreted by cells in a local area, stimulates the cell that originally secreted it

Answer 7

autocrine

Question 8

this type of chemical messenger acts locally o neighboring cells

Answer 8

paracrine

Question 9

this type of chemical messenger is secreted by neurons that activate adjacent cell

Answer 9

neurotransmitter

Question 10

this type of chemical messengers are secreted into the bloodstream by certain glands and cells

Answer 10

endocrine chemical messeners

Question 11

hormones can be divided int o groups based on their chemical structures, enumerate.

Answer 11

steroid hormones (from cholesterol)
thyroid hormones (made of tyrosine)
amino acid derivatives/peptides/proteins

Question 12

two chemical categories of hormones

Answer 12

water-soluble hormones
lipid-soluble hormones

Question 13

these hormones are non-polar and include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acid derivatives such as certain eicosands

Answer 13

lipid-soluble hormones

Question 14

_____ chaperone the hormone and significantly reduces the rate at which lipid-soluble hormones are degraded or removed from the blood

Answer 14

binding proteins

Question 15

are polar molecules, they include protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones

Answer 15

water-soluble hormones

Question 16

molecules and ions directly stimulating the release of some hormones

Answer 16

humoral stimuli

Question 17

some neuron secretes chemical messenger directly into the blood when they are stimulates making these chemical messengers hormones, what do you call them?

Answer 17

neuropeptides

Question 18

specialized neuropeptides stimulate hormone secretion of other endocrine cells and are called

Answer 18

releasing hormones

Question 19

it is when a hormone is secreted tgat in turn stimulate the secretion of other hormones

Answer 19

hormonal stimuli

Question 20

hormones in the hypothalamus that prevent secretion of tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary gland are called?

Answer 20

inhibiting hormones

Question 21

hormones exert their actions by binding to target cell proteins called??

Answer 21

receptors

Question 22

the pituitary gland is also called the ____

Answer 22

hypophysis

Question 23

it is a small gland about the size of a pea

Answer 23

pituitary gland

Question 24

serves as the control center of the autonomic nervous system as well as the endocrine system

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

the pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk called

Answer 25

infundibulum

Question 26

the pituitary gland is divided into 2 parts what are those 2 parts

Answer 26

posterior pituitary gland anterior pituitaru gland

Question 27

which part of the pituitary gland is just an extension of the human brain

Answer 27

posterior pituitary gland

Question 28

known as the body's master gland

Answer 28

pituitary gland

Question 29

the capillary beds and veins that transport the releasing and inhibiting hormones are called the ???

Answer 29

hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system

Question 30

enumerate the hormones of the anterior pituitary

Answer 30

1. growth hormone 2. thyroid-stimulating hormone 4. adrenocorticotropic hormone 5. gonadotropins 6. prolactin 7. melanocyte-stimulating hormones

Question 31

this hormone stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and other organs by increasing gene expression

Answer 31

growth hormone

Question 32

a young perosn suffering from a defficiency of growth hormone`

Answer 32

pituitary dwarf

Question 33

the person becomes abnormally tall due to excess growth hormone secretion before bones finish growing in length

Answer 33

giantism

Question 34

facial features and hands become abnormally large due to excess hormone secretion after the bone legnth is complete

Answer 34

acromegaly

Question 35

this hormone stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormone

Answer 35

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 36

binds to membrane-bound receptors in the adrenal cortex and increases the secretion of cortisol

Answer 36

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 37

hormon that binds into membran ebound receptors in the gonads

Answer 37

gonadotropins

Question 38

the two types of gonadotropins

Answer 38

luteinizing hormones follicle-stimulating hormones

Question 39

this type of gonadotropin promotes secretion of reproductive hormones

Answer 39

luteinizing hormones

Question 40

this type of gondatropins stimulated the development of follicles in the ovaries and sperm in testet

Answer 40

follicle-stimulation hormones

Question 41

helps promote development of the breast during pregnancy and stimulates the production of milk following pregnancy

Answer 41

prolactin

Question 42

hormone that synthesizes melanin

Answer 42

melanocyte-stimulating. hormone

Question 43

what are the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 43

antidiuretic horomones oxytocin

Question 44

this hormone increases water reabsorption

Answer 44

antidiuretic hormone

Question 45

this hormone causes contraction of the smooth muscle cells of the uterus as well as milk letdown from the breasts in lactating women

Answer 45

oxytocin

Question 46

what are the three hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 46

triiodothyronine (t3) thyroxine (t4) calcitonin

Question 47

the narrow band that connects the two lobes of the htyroid gland

Answer 47

isthmus

Question 48

the thyroid gland contains numerous _____ whihc are small speheres

Answer 48

thyroid follicles

Question 49

unsay epithelium the thyroid follicles?

Answer 49

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 50

eahc thyroid follicle is filled with what?

Answer 50

thyroglobulin

Question 51

also called c cellls in tyroid

Answer 51

parafollicular cells

Question 52

parafollicular cells secrete what

Answer 52

calcitonin

Question 53

it is a condition where the thyroid glan enlarges

Answer 53

goiter