Endocrine System

Question 1

what do endocrine glands do

Answer 1

secrete hormones into general circulation

Question 2

do endocrine glands have ducts

Answer 2

no they are ductless

Question 3

what is atrial natrivreic peptide

Answer 3

a blood pressure hormone secreted when blood pressure is too high

Question 4

what are hormone (messenger type)

Answer 4

chemical messengers

Question 5

what do hormones aim to alter

Answer 5

the activity of a target that has receptors for the hormone.
this changes the type, quantity, or activity of a protein

Question 6

what are the 4 main functions of the endocrine system

Answer 6

digestion and metabolism of nutrients
water and electrolyte balance
growth and develop,ent
reproduction

Question 7

how does the endocrine system effect digestion

Answer 7

it modulates digestive process, controls serum glucose concentrations, and modulates the stress response

Question 8

what pressure does the endocrine system regulate

Answer 8

blood presure

Question 9

what are endocrine disruptors

Answer 9

they are not natural to the body. they bind hormone receptors and alter the activity going on there

Question 10

similarities of endocrine system and nervous system… there are 4

Answer 10

they rely on chemical messengers
they share some chemical messengers
they are regulated by feedback loops
and the maintain homeostasis

Question 11

what chemical messenger is used in the NS

Answer 11

neurotransmitters

Question 12

what chemical messenger isused in the endocrine system

Answer 12

hormone

Question 13

what do feedback loops do

Answer 13

regulate hormone production by removing or enhancing a stimulus

Question 14

what homeostasis does the nervous system aid vs endocrine system

Answer 14

ns is temperature
endocrine is blood glucose

Question 15

what system uses adrenalin

Answer 15

endocrine

Question 16

what system uses norepinephrine

Answer 16

NS

Question 17

is the nervous system or endocrine system faster

Answer 17

the nervous system is faster

Question 18

what is the duration of effects of the NS

Answer 18

short term effects

Question 19

what is the duration of effects of the endocrine system

Answer 19

longer term changes

Question 20

what type of pathway does the NS take

Answer 20

discrete

Question 21

what type of pathway does the endocrine system take

Answer 21

diffuse pathway

Question 22

what are the 2 classes of hormones we talked about

Answer 22

steroid and peptide/protein

Question 23

what are steroid hormones

Answer 23

steroids that have hormone structures

Question 24

what are steroid hormones derived from

Answer 24

cholesterol

Question 25

what is progesterone hormone

Answer 25

able to get pregnant

Question 26

what is cortisol hormone involved in

Answer 26

stress

Question 27

what is aldosterone hormone involved in

Answer 27

blood pressure

Question 28

what is testosterone involved in

Answer 28

the male hormone

Question 29

what is estrogen involved in

Answer 29

the female hormone

Question 30

how is cholesterol converted to a steroid

Answer 30

several enzymatic steps

Question 31

where are enzymes present that convert cholesterol to steroid hormones

Answer 31

in adrenal gland and gonads

Question 32

what are the steps of the mechanism of action for steroid hormones

Answer 32

they diffuse across emmbrane they bind cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors the hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA alters transcription mRNA moves to cytoplasm to be used in protein synthesis and alter cell structure or activity

Question 33

what is a peptide/protein hormone

Answer 33

a chain of amino acids

Question 34

what determines if it is labeled as peptide or protein

Answer 34

the length

Question 35

how does a peptide hormone enlicity a mechanism of action

Answer 35

interacts with a receptor activates g protein activates cytoplasmic protein (adenylate cyclase) accumulates a 2nd messenger .. cAMP cAMP changes behavior of other proteins by adding phosphates to proteins

Question 36

g protein is active when what

Answer 36

when it binds to GTP

Question 37

g protein is inactive when what

Answer 37

when it binds to GDP

Question 38

what does albumin decrease

Answer 38

hormone activity and the hormones breakdown (its available longer)

Question 39

what does albumin increase

Answer 39

solubility in water

Question 40

why is it important that glucose is modified upon entering the cell

Answer 40

to maintain steep conc. gradient to prevent influx of water associated with change in osmotic pressure

Question 41

if blood glucose levels are too high what happens

Answer 41

a diabetic coma

Question 42

if blood glucose levels are too low what happens

Answer 42

insulin shock

Question 43

what do horomes coordinate

Answer 43

cell, tissue, and organ activities

Question 44

where do hormones circulate

Answer 44

within ECF

Question 45

what do hormones bind

Answer 45

receptors

Question 46

what are 3 ways hormones modify cellular activities

Answer 46

changin genetic activity altering membrane permeability activating or inactivating enzymes