Endocrine System.. Flashcards
(43 cards)
Give some examples of edocrine organs…
- Hypothalamus
- Adrenas
- Ovaries
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Glands
- Pituitary Gland
True of false…
The posterior pituitary releases the most hormones?
FALSE
Posterior only releases: ADH and oxytocin. The anterior releases the rest
Give some examples of pituitary diseases…
- Hyperpitutaryism- realted effects (adenomas)
- Hypopititaryism- realted effects (injury, surgery, radiation, inflammation)
- Local mass effect (compression of the optic chiasm.
What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?
Adenoma (functional) is the most common cause of hyperpituiraryism.
Cancer and hyperplasia are also causes.
- Functional-Prolactinoma
- Non functional
- Microadenoma
- Macroadenoma
Are all what???
They are pituitary adenomas (benign tumours)
Pituitary diseases can cause lots of syndromes. Name some,..
- Cushing’s disease (ACTH release)
- Gigantism (kids), Acromegaly (adults) from growth hormone
- Sexual dysfunction, infertility, amenorrhea, Galactorrhea (prolactin)
- Hyperthyroidism (TSH)
- Hypergonadism, mass effects/ Hypopituitaryism (FSH, LH)
What’s HYPERpituitarysim?
It’s overproduction of hormones from the pituitary gland. Often caused by functional adenoma.
What’s HYPOpituitaryism?
It’s underactive hormone production from the pituitary glands.
Can be caused by ischemic necrosis, non functioning adenomas, surgery, irradiation
Name some causes for HYPOpituitaryism…
- Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary (Sheehan’s syndrome)
- Non functioning adenomas
- Surgery/irradiation
- Inflammatory lesions
Name some causes of HYPERthyroidism…
- Graves disease
- Over treatment of thyroxine
- Infective De Quervain’s thyroiditis
- Toxic Multi-nodular goitre
- Toxic Adenoma
Signs/ symptoms of HYPERthyroidism….
- Fine, straight hair
- Intolerance to heat
- Finger clubbing
- Tachycardia
- Weight loss
- Muscle wasting
- Breast enlargement
- Localised Oedema
- Increased BP
- Diarrhoea
- Tremors
- Bulging eyes
How to treat HYPERthyroidism…
- Testing: clinical + thyroid function tests
- Treat the cause
- Carbimazole/ Propylthiouracil
- Radioiodine
- Thyroidectomy
Possibe causes of HYPOthyroidism…
- Iodine deficiency
- Autoimmune -Hashimotos
- Latrogenic: Surgery/ radioiodine
- Pituitary Defects
- Congenital
HYPO-thyroidism symptoms:
- Hair loss
- Lethargy
- Dry skin
- Muscle Aches/ weakness
- Constapation
- Cold intolerance
- Extreme fatugue
- Brittle nails+ hair
- Weight gain
- Bradycardia
- Thick skin
What is Hashimotos thyroiditis?
It’s an autoimmune disease which causes destruction of the thyroid gland.
More common in women. And people between 45-60.
How do you treat HYPOthyroidism?
-THYROXINE
True of false:
Thyroid cancer is very common.
FALSE
It’s relatively uncommon. The most common type is Papillary Carcinoma (Non-functional tumour)
What is the role of the parathyroid gland?
It’s role is in calcium regulation.
What are possible causes of HYPOparathyroidism…
- Removal by surgery (thyroidectomy)
- Congenital
- Hereditary (autoimmune)
Irritability, tetany (muscle spasms) and seisures are all symptoms of what disorder?
HYPOparathyrpodism (low calcium)
What are some of the symptoms of HYPOparathyroidism?
There symptoms are due to low calcium:
- Irritability
- Tetany
- Seizures
What are the (primary, secondary and tertiary) causes for HYPERparathyroidism?
- PRIMARY Adenoma
- SECONDARY Chronic renal failure
- TERTIARY After renal transplant
What disorder could these things cause?
- Adenoma
- Chronic Renal Faiulre
- Renal Transplant
These things can cause HYPERparathyroidism
Which disorder do these symptoms represent?
- Constipation
- Depression
- Seizures
- Muscle wasting
- Polyuria
- Bone fractures
- Kidney Stones
These symptoms are signs of HYPERparathyroidism (high calcium- Hypercalcaemia)
