Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MD2001 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 things are endocrine glands involved in?

A
  1. Regulating cell metabolism.
  2. Maintenance of homeostasis.
  3. Sexual development and reproduction.
  4. Growth and development from child to adult.
  5. Modulating long term behaviour.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of hormones?

A
  1. Protein (usually injected)
  2. Steroid (synthesised form cholesterol, oral administration).
  3. Amino acid derivatives (thyroid hormones and catecholamines).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are steroid and thyroid hormones transported?

A
  1. Via specific carrier proteins.
  2. To improve solubility.
  3. Increases half life.
  4. Provides a reserve in the blood.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormones can bind to intracellular receptors in nucleus?

A
  1. Steroid hormones.

2. Thyroid hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of an endocrine axes/cascades?

A

Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the final product of a cascade do?

A

Inhibits a hormone higher up in cascade, usually in the hypothalamus as it is very involved in negative feedback.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does anterior pituitary gland develop from?

A

Epithelium of mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What essentially is the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Down growth from the hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two endocrine functions of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. Controls release of hormones from anterior pituitary gland by releasing hormones.
  2. Secretes hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the anterior pituitary gland called and what is it made from?

A

Adenohypophysis, consists of epithelial tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does anterior pituitary gland secrete?

A
  1. GH.
  2. TSH.
  3. ACTH.
  4. FSH.
  5. LH.
  6. Prolactin.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the posterior pituitary gland called and what is it made from?

A

Neurohypophysis, consists of neural tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cells secrete hormones which are stored by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Neurosecretory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A
  1. ADH.

2. Oxytocin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do thyroid glands develop?

A

Down growth of epithelia of tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do follicular cells secrete?

A

T3 and T4.

17
Q

What are T3 and T4 stored as?

A

Thyroglobin in the colloid.

18
Q

Function of thyroid hormones?

A
  1. Regulates metabolic rate.
  2. Regulates growth and development by protein production.
  3. Regulates sensitivity of cells to other hormones.
19
Q

What cell type produces calcitonin?

A

Parafollicular (C) cells.

20
Q

Where do the parathyroid glands develop from?

A

Wall of pharynx.

21
Q

What hormone is produced from parathyroid glands?

A

PTH.

22
Q

What does the adrenal cortex develop from?

A

Mesoderm of posterior abdominal wall.

23
Q

What does the adrenal medulla develop from?

A

Neural crest cells in neuroectoderm.

24
Q

Name the three layers of epithelium that make up the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. Zona glomerulosa.
  2. Zona fasciculata.
  3. Zona reticularis.
25
Q

What is the general function of the adrenal cortex?

A

Produce steroid hormones.

26
Q

What does zona glomerulosa produce?

A

Mineralocorticoids e.g. aldosterone.

27
Q

What does zona fasciculata produce?

A

Glucocorticoids e.g. cortisol.

28
Q

What does zona reticularis produce?

A

Sex steroids e.g. androgens.

29
Q

What is the general function of adrenal medulla?

A

Contains chromatin cells to produce catecholamines.

30
Q

Name three catecholamines.

A
  1. Adrenaline.
  2. Noradrenaline.
  3. Dopamine.
31
Q

Cushing’s syndrome is associated with a prolonged exposure to what?

A

Cortisol.

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?

A
  1. Hypertension.
  2. Abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs.
  3. Round red face.
  4. Red stretch marks.
33
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A
  1. Melatonin.

2. Serotonin.

MD2001 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions