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MD2001 > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the skin?

A
  1. Protection.
  2. Homeostasis.
  3. Sensory information.
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2
Q

Where are the Meissner’s and Pacinian corpuscles found?

A

Dermis.

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3
Q

Which part of the skin contains adipose tissue and skin ligaments?

A

Hypodermis

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4
Q

What do loose and taut skin have implications for?

A

Scarring and incisions.

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5
Q

What is the Stratum corneum described as?

A

Waterproof cell ghosts.

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6
Q

What does the Stratum Granulosum contain?

A

Keratohyaline granules.

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7
Q

What process starts in the S.Spinosum?

A

Keratinisation.

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8
Q

What disease causes blistering by a mutation in collagen VII?

A

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. (DEB)

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9
Q

What structure in the demo-epidermal junction flatten with age, making the skin vulnerable?

A

Papillae.

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10
Q

What does the hypodermic support?

A
  1. Eccrine sweat glands.
  2. Apocrine sweat glands.
  3. Hair follicles.
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11
Q

What is filaggrin and where is it commonly found?

A
  1. Filament with binds to keratin.
  2. Main component of keratohyaline granules in S.granulosum.
  3. Aids keratin aggregation.
  4. Inhibits water loss by being cleaved into aa.
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12
Q

Name a common keratinisation disorder.

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris - dry dead cells accumulate in patches.

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13
Q

What cells are melanocytes derived from?

A

Neural crest cells.

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14
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Stratum basale of epidermis.

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15
Q

What cells do melanocytes transfer keratin to?

A

Keratinocytes.

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16
Q

What is the most common cell in the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes.

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17
Q

Where are Langerhan cells mostly found?

A

Stratum spinosum

18
Q

What does the milky secretion of an apocrine sweat gland contain?

A

Pheromones.

19
Q

Which layer do nails pass deep into?

A

Dermis.

20
Q

What do Langerhan cells produce?

A

Langerin which degrades viruses such as HIV in Birbeck granules (specialised endosomes).

21
Q

Where do arrector pili muscles attach to?

A
  1. Attach to papillary dermis.

2. Attach to sheath of hair follicle.

22
Q

What are the five normal skin microbiota?

A
  1. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci.
  2. Streptococcus pyogenes.
  3. Propionibacterium acnes.
  4. Corynebacterium.
  5. Candida.
23
Q

Describe S.aureus.

A
  1. Gram positive.

2. Cocci.

24
Q

Describe S.pyogenes.

A
  1. Gram positive.
  2. Cocci.
  3. Beta-haemolytic.
25
Q

Describe Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A
  1. Gram negative.
  2. Coccobacillus.
  3. Opportunistic.
  4. Produce exotoxin A.
  5. Colonises catheters.
26
Q

What are the four different forms of skin lesions?

A
  1. Macule.
  2. Papule.
  3. Vesicle.
  4. Ulcer.
27
Q

What do hair follicles become clogged with in Acne vulgaris?

A
  1. Dead skin cells and oil.
28
Q

What happens in cellulitis?

A
  1. Inflammation of dermis and subcutaneous fat areas.

2. Red areas which increase in size.

29
Q

What features are clear in SSSS?

A
  1. Red blistering which appears as a burn or scald.
30
Q

What actually causes the blistering in SSSS?

A

Release of two exotoxins from S.aureus.

31
Q

What features are clear in TSS?

A
  1. Pyrexia

2. Sunburn rash.

32
Q

What actually causes the features of TSS?

A

Super antigen toxins are produced from S.aureus or S.pyogenes.

33
Q

What is a furuncle?

A

A boil i.e. a deep folliculitis.

34
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

Severe abscess or boil in skin.

35
Q

What is the feature of Ecthyma Granulosum?

A

Skin with a necrotic centre with an erythematous edge.

36
Q

What bacteria causes ecthyma granulosum?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

37
Q

What causes ringworm of the body?

A

Tina corporis.

38
Q

What causes ringworm of the groin?

A

Tina cruris.

39
Q

What causes cold sores?

A

Herpes simplex virus 1.

40
Q

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease.

A

Coxsackie A virus.

41
Q

What causes warts?

A

HPV.

42
Q

What is a parasite of the skin?

A

Sarcoptes scabei.

MD2001 (10 decks)

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