Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the endocrine system

A

Helps to maintain homeostasis; allows the body to react appropriately to stress; regulates growth, development and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the endocrine system organised into

A

Endocrine glands; can be tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of endocrine glands

A

Produce hormones, and release them into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do hormones travel to, and where are they effective

A

Travel to all parts of the body, but only effective in specific target cells; they work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 4 endocrine glands

A

Hypothalamus; pituitary; thyroid; pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many hormones does the hypothalamus produce

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many hormones (from the H-T) regulate the anterior pituitary; name them

A

7; gonadotropin R; thyrotropin R; corticotropin R; prolactin (releasing and inhibiting); growth hormone R; somatostatin I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the other hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and where are they released

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic; released in the posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the pituitary (master gland) located

A

Directly below the hypothalamus in Sella turcica of sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

A

The pituitary stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior adenohypophysis and posterior neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is located very close to the pituitary gland, that is involved in sight

A

Optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is the peak secretion of the pineal gland

A

In 1-5yr olds; 75% lower by puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the pineal gland produce during the day (at night)

A

Serotonin (melatonin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the thymus gland located

A

In the mediastinum superior to the heart

17
Q

What hormones does the thymus gland secrete, and what do they regulate

A

e.g. thymopoietin and thymosins; regulate development and later activation of T-lymphocytes

18
Q

Where is the thyroid gland (largest gland) located

A

In the neck, just below the larynx and surrounding the trachea

19
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in the thyroid gland

A

Follicular cells and parafollicular cells

20
Q

What hormones do follicular cells secrete, and what do they regulate

A

Secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3); increase the rate of metabolism

21
Q

What hormones do parafollicular cells secrete, and what do they regulate

A

Secrete calcitonin; decreases calcium and phosphate in the blood

22
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there and where are they located

A

4; located on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland, 2 on either side

23
Q

What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete, and what does it regulate

A

Parathyroid hormone; increases the amount of calcium

24
Q

What does an increase in the absorption of calcium in the blood lead

A

Increases the resorption of bone to release calcium, and decreases the amount of calcium excreted in the urine

25
Q

Where are the suprarenal glands located

A

At the upper pole of each kidney

26
Q

What 2 distinct regions is the glandular tissue of the suprarenal glands organised into, and what type of tissue makes up each region

A

Outer cortex (epithelial tissue) and an inner medulla (neural tissue)

27
Q

What hormones does the suprarenal cortex produce

A

More than 25 steroid hormones that are synthesised from cholesterol

28
Q

What are the suprarenal hormones collectively called

A

Corticoids

29
Q

Divide the suprarenal hormones into their 3 groups

A

Mineralocorticoids; glucocorticoids; sex steroids

30
Q

Where are chromaffin cells located and what do they store and produce

A

Within the adrenal medulla; adrenaline and noradrenaline

31
Q

What is the endocrine portion of the pancreas called

A

Pancreatic Islets (of Langerhands); make up 1% of its weight

32
Q

What are the main hormones produced by the pancreas, and what do they regulate

A

Glucagon (alpha cells, increases) and insulin (beta cells, decreases); together they regulate blood glucose levels

33
Q

What is the function of the other 99% of the pancreas

A

Exocrine function; produces and secretes digestive enzymes

34
Q

What is the function of the hormones produced by the ovaries and testis

A

Regulate the reproductive system

35
Q

What hormones do the ovaries secrete

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

36
Q

What hormone do the testis secrete, and what cells secrete this within the testis

A

Leydig cells produce, and secrete testosterone

Anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions