Terminology and Basic Body Forms

Question 1

Anatomical position (7 key points)

Answer 1

Standing; facing anteriorly; eyes looking forward; arms by side; palms facing anteriorly; feet together; toes pointing anteriorly

Question 2

3 anatomical planes

Answer 2

Sagittal plane; coronal plane; transverse plane

Question 3

5 set of directions

Answer 3

Superior/inferior; anterior/posterior; medial/lateral; proximal/distal; superficial/deep

Question 4

Describe flexion

Answer 4

Decreasing angle between parts; like flexing elbow joint

Question 5

Describe extension

Answer 5

Increasing angle between parts; essentially opposite from flexion

Question 6

Describe the 2 flexions in ankle joints

Answer 6

Plantar flexion (on tip toes) and dorsiflexion (feet are flat)

Question 7

Describe abduction

Answer 7

To take away from the midline (can be arms/legs)

Question 8

Describe adduction

Answer 8

To take towards the midline

Question 9

Describe rotation

Answer 9

To move around the long axis (e.g. twisting arm from shoulder)

Question 10

Describe circumduction and what is it a combination of

Answer 10

A circular movement; combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction)

Question 11

Describe pronation/supination

Answer 11

Rotation of forearm and hand; supination palms are facing up (and vice versa)

Question 12

Where does inversion/eversion take place and describe inversion

Answer 12

Takes place at the ankle joint; inversion, the sole is facing the mid line (vice versa for eversion)

Question 13

Describe retraction

Answer 13

Movement of a body part in the posterior direction

Question 14

Describe protrusion

Answer 14

Movement of a body part in the anterior direction

Question 15

Describe elevation and (depression)

Answer 15

Move a body part superiorly or (inferiorly); like lifting and dropping shoulders

Question 16

Name the 2 wrist movements and describe

Answer 16

Flexion and extension; during flexion, wrist is flexed upwards (if in anatomical position); extension is the opposite

Question 17

What is a condyle

Answer 17

A smooth rounded elevation where 2 bones are in contact with one another

Question 18

What is a crest

Answer 18

A sharp/narrow ridge; like the top of pelvis

Question 19

What is an epicondyle

Answer 19

An elevation above a condyle

Question 20

What is a facet

Answer 20

This is a smooth area of bone

Question 21

What is a process

Answer 21

This is a localised projection of outgrowth

Question 22

What is a trochanter

Answer 22

A large rounded elevation used for muscle attachment

Question 23

What is a tubercle

Answer 23

A small rounded elevation; essentially a small trochanter used for muscle attachment

Question 24

What is a tuberosity

Answer 24

Any prominence on a bone to which tendons are attached

Question 25

What is a foramen

Answer 25

An opening in bone (big spaces)

Question 26

What is a fossa

Answer 26

A wide depression

Question 27

What is a notch

Answer 27

A large groove

Question 28

What is a sulcus

Answer 28

A furrow/channel