Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(144 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Antidiuretic

Antidiuretic Hormone

anti- against

  • di- complete
  • uret- urination
  • ic pertaining to
A

An agent that decreases urine production

Posterior pituitary hormone that decreases urine output by acting on the kidney; also called vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine

Endocrinology

Endocrinologist

endo- within

  • crin/o secrete
  • study of
  • logist one who studies, specialist
A

Pertaining to a gland that produces an internal or hormonal secretion

Medical specialty concerned with the production and effects of hormones

A medical specialist in endocrinology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gland

A

A collection of cells functioning as a secretory or excretory organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormone

Hormonal

hormon- chemical messenger
al- pertaining to

A

Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

Pertaining to the hormones of the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leptin

lept- thin, small
-in chemical compound

A

hormone secreted by adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Melatonin

mela- black

  • ton- tension
  • in chemical compound
A

Hormone formed by the pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oxytocin

oxy- quick

  • toc- labor, birth
  • in chemical compound
A

Hypothalamic hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, that stimulates the uterus to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parathyroid

para- beside

  • thyr- an ablong shield
  • oid resembling
A

Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pineal

A

Pertaining to the pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pituitary

pituit- pituitary
-ary pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prostaglandin

prost/a- prostate

  • gland- gland
  • in chemical compound
A

Hormone present in many tissues but first isolated from prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder
(SAD)

season- period of the year
affect- mood
-ive pertaining to 
-dis apart, away from
-order arrange
A

Depression that occurs at the same time ever year, often in the winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Serotonin

ser/o- serum

  • ton- tension, pressure
  • in substance
A

A neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adenohypophysis

  • hypo- below
  • aden/o- gland
  • physis gorwth
A

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adrenal Gland

ad- near, toward

  • ren- kidney
  • al pertaining to
A

The suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

adren/o- adrenal gland

  • cortic/o- cortisone, cortex
  • tropic stimulator
A

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce its own hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Corticosteroid

cortic/o- cortisone

  • ster- steroid
  • oid resembling
A

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Corticotropin

cortic/o- cortisone, cortex
-tropin stimulation

A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypophysis

hypo- below
-physis growth

A

Another name for the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurohypophysis

neur/o- nervous tissue

  • hypo- below
  • physis growth
A

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Prolactin

pro- before

  • lact- milk
  • in chemical compound
A

Pituitary hormone that stimulates the production of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Somatotropin

somat/o- the body
-tropin stimulation

A

Hormone of the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Thyrotropin

thyr/o- thyroid
-tropin stimulation

A

Hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thyroxine

thyr- an oblong shield

  • ox- oxygen
  • ine pertaining to
A

Thyroid hormone T4, tetraiodothyronine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tropin Trophin Tropic Trophic trop-turning -ic pertaining to troph- nourishing
Hormone Hormone Tropic hormone stimulate other endocrine glands to produce hormones
26
Vasopressin vas/o- blood vessel - press- press, close - in chemical compound
Pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output
27
Acromegaly acro- highest point- extremity -megaly enlargement
Enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet due to excess growth hormone in an adult
28
Diabetes Insipidus in- not, without - sipid- flavor - us pertaining to
Excretion of large amounts of dilute urine as a result of inadequate ADH production
29
Dwarfism dwarf- miniature -ism condition
Short stature due to underproduction of growth hormone
30
Gigantism gigant- giant -ism condition
Abnormal height and size of entire body
31
Hypopituitarism hypo- deficient - pituitar- pituitary - ism condition
Condition of one or more deficient pituitary hormones
32
Panhypopituitarism pan- all - hypo- deficient - pituitar- pituitary - ism condition
Deficiency of all the pituitary hormones
33
Prognathism pro- before, in front - gnath-jaw - ism condition
Condition of a forward- projecting jaw
34
Prolactinoma pro- before, in front - lact- milk - in- chemical compound - oma tumor
Prolactin producing tumor
35
Adenoma aden- gland -oma tumor
A benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue
36
Biopsy bi- life -opsy to view
Process of removing tissue from living patients for microscopic examination
37
Chiasm Chiasma
X shaped crossing of the two optic nerves at the base of the brain
38
Optic opt- vision -ic pertaining to
Pertaining to the eye
39
Osmolality osmol- concentration - al- pertaining to - ity state
The concentration of a solution
40
Tumor
Any abnormal swelling
41
Analog
A compound that resembles another in structure but not in function, analog is a means of the transmission of continuous information to our senses, in contrast with the digital transmission of only and ones
42
Craniotomy crani/o- cranium -tomy incision
Incision of the skull
43
Gamma Knife
A minimally invasive radiosurgical system
44
Proton
The positively charged unit of the nuclear mass
45
Stereotactic stere/o three dimensional - tact- orderly arrangment - ic pertaining to
Pertaining to a precision three dimensional method to locate a lesion or tumor
46
Transnasal trans- across, through - nas- nose - al pertaining to
Through the nose
47
Transsphenoid trans- through sphen- wedge -oid resembling
Through the sphenoid sinus
48
Calcitonin calc/i- calcium - ton- pressure, tension - in chemical compound
Thyroid hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones
49
Emaciation Emaciated emac/i- make thin - ation process - ated composed of
Abnormal thinness Abnormally thin and wasted
50
Hypercalcemia hyper- above, excessive - calc- calcium - emia condition of the blood
Excessive levels of calcium in the blood
51
Iodine iod- violet, iodine -ine pertaining to
Chemical element, the lack of which causes thyroid disease
52
Thyroid Storm thyr- an oblong shield -oid resembling
Medical crisis and emergency due to excess thyroid hormones
53
Triiodothyronine tri- three - iod/o- violet, iodine - thyr- an oblong shield - on chemical substance - ine pertaining to
Thyroid hormone T3
54
Antithyroid anti- against - thyr- an oblong shield - oid resembling
A substance that inhibits production of thyroid hormones
55
Euthyroid eu- good, normal - thyr- an oblong shield - oid resembling
Normal thyroid function
56
Exophthalmos ex- out, out of -ophthalmos eye
Protrusion of the eye ball
57
Goiter
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
58
Graves Disease dis- apart -ease normal function
Hyperthyroidism with toxic goiter
59
Hashimoto Disease Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland
60
Hyperthyroidism hyper- excessive - thyr- an oblong shield - oid- resembling - ism condition, process
Excessive production of thyroid hormones
61
Myxedema myx- mucus -edema swelling
Waxy, nonpitting edema of the skin
62
Thyroiditis thyr- an oblong shield - oid- resembling - itis inflammation
Inflammation of the thyroid gland
63
Thyrotoxicosis thyr/o- an oblong shield - toxix/o- poison - sis abnormal condition
Disorder caused by excessive thyroid production
64
Ablation ablat- take away -ion process
Removal of tissue to destroy its function
65
Aspiration aspirat- breathe in -ion process
Removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity
66
Cretin Cretinism cretin- cretin -ism condition, process
A person with severe congenital hypothyroidism Condition of severe congenital hypothyroidism
67
Hypothyroidism hypo- deficient - thyr- an oblong shield - oid resembling - ism condition, process
Deficient production of thyroid hormones
68
Isotope Isotopic iso- equal - tope part - ic pertaining to
Radioactive element; some of these elements are used in diagnostic procedures Of identical compound composition
69
Lobectomy lob- lobe -ectomy surgical excision
Surgical removal of a lobe of the lungs or thyroid gland
70
Lymphadenectomy lymphaden- lymph node -ectomy surigcal excision
Surgical excision of a lymph node
71
Nodule
Small node or knotlike swelling
72
Radioactive Iodine radi/o- radiation - act- performance - ive pertaining to
Any of the various tracers that emit alpha, beta, or gamma rays
73
Ultrasonography ultra- beyond - son/o- sound - graphy recording
Delineation of deep structures using sound waves
74
Adjuvant adjuv- give help -ant pertaining to
Additional treatment after a primary treatment has been used
75
Antagonist ant- against -agon- to fight -ist agent ic pertaining to
An opposing structure, agent, disease, or process
76
Curative curat- to care -ive quality of
That which heals or cures
77
DiGeorge Syndrome syn- together -drome course
Congenital absence of the thymus gland
78
Parathyroid para- adjacent - thyr- an oblong shield - oid resembling
Endocrine glands embedded in the back of the thyroid gland
79
Tetany Tetanic tetan- tetany, tetanus -ic pertaining to
Severe muscle twitches, cramps, and spasms Pertaining to tetany or tetanus
80
Thymectomy thym- thymus gland -ectomy surgical excision
Surgical removal of the thymus gland
81
Thymus
Endocrine gland located in the mediastinum
82
Addison Disease dis- apart -esae normal function
An autoimmune disease leading to decreased production of adrenocortical steroids
83
Adrenal Gland Adrenaline Epinephrine adren- adrenal gland -al pertaining to
The suprarenal, or adrenal, gland on the upper pole of each kidney. One of the catecholamines
84
Glucocorticoid gluc/o- glucose - cotico- cortex, cortisone - oid resembling
Hormone of the adrenal cortex that helps regulate glucose metabolism
85
Hydrocortisone Cortisol hydr/o- water - cortis- cortisone - one hormone
Potent glucocorticoid with anti inflammatory properties
86
Mineralocorticoid mineral/o- inorganic materials - cortic- cortex, cortisone - oid resemble
Hormone of the adrenal cortex that influences sodium and potassium metabolism
87
Norepinephrine Noradrenaline nor- normal - epi- above - nephr- kidney - ine pertaining to
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter that is a catecholamine hormone of the adrenal gland
88
Adrenalectomy ad- near, toward - ren- kidney - al pertaining to - ectomy surgical excision
Removal of all or part of the an adrenal gland
89
Adrenogenital Syndrome ``` adren/o- adrenal gland -genit- primary male or female sex organs -al pertaining to syn- together -drome course ```
Hypersecretion of androgens from the adrenal glands
90
Aldosteronism Aldosteronoma Conn Syndrome ald/o- organic compound - steron- steroid - ism condition, process - oma tumor, mass
Condition caused by excessive secretions of aldosterone Benign tumor of the adrenal cortex
91
Cushing Syndrome
Hypersecretion of cortisol (Hydrocortisone) by the adrenal cortex
92
Facies
Facial expression and features characteristics of a specific disease
93
Hirsuitism
Excessive body and facial hair
94
Intercurrent inter- among, between - curr- to run - ent end result, pertaining to
A disease attacking a person who already has another disease
95
Pheochromocytoma pheo- grey - chrom/o- color - cyt- cell - oma tumor
Adenoma of the adrenal medulla secreting excessive catecholamines
96
Virilism viril- masculine -ism condition, process
Development of masculine characteristics by a woman or a girl
97
Ambiguous
Uncertain
98
Androgen andr/o- male -gen to produce
Hormone that produces masculine characterstics
99
Cortex
Outer portion of an organ
100
Gential genit- primary male or female sex organs -al pertaining to
Relating to the primary male or female sex organs
101
Hyperplasia hyper- excessive - plas- formation - ia condition
Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
102
Medulla
Central part of a structure surrounded by cortex
103
Steroid ster- solid -oid resemble
Large family of chemical substances found in hormones, body components, and drugs
104
Aromatase Aromatase Inhibitor aromat- spice -ase enzyme inhibit- repress -or a doer
An enzyme responsible for a key step in the production of estrogens and androgens An agent that stops the production of estrogen in post- menopausal women
105
Estrogen estr/o woman -gen produce, create
Generic term for hormones that stimulate female secondary sex characteristics
106
Hormone
Chemical formed in one tissue or organ that is then carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
107
Modulator
An agent that regulates or adjusts
108
Therapy Therapeutic therapeut- treatment -ic pertaining to
Systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder Relating to the treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder
109
Glucagon gluc- glucose -agon contest
Pancreatic hormone that supports blood glucose levels
110
Gluconeogenesis gluc/o- glucose - neo- new - genesis creation
Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources
111
Glycogenolysis glyc/o- glycogen - gen/o- to create - lysis break down
Conversion of glycogen to glucose
112
Insulin insul- island -in chemical compound
A hromone secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas
113
Pancreas Pancreatic pancreat- pancreas -ic pertaining to
Lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum Pertaining to the pancreas
114
Pancreatic Islets Islets of Langerhans pancreat- pancreas -ic pertaining to isl-island -et little
Areas of pancreatic cells that produce insuling and glucagon
115
Somatostatin somat/o- body -statin inhibit
Hormone that inhibits release of growth hormones and insulin
116
Autoantibody auto- self, same - anti- against - body body
Antibody produced in response to an antigen from the hosts own tissue
117
Bolus
Single mass of a substance
118
Coma
State of deep unconsciousness
119
Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic diabet- diabetes -ic pertaining to
Metabolic syndrome caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency and/or insulin ineffectiveness Pertaining to or suffering from diabetes
120
Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemic hypo- below, deficient - glyc- glucose - emia blood condition
Low levels of glucose in the blood Pertaining to or suffering from hypoglycemia
121
Acetone
Ketone that is found in blood, urine, and breath when diabetes mellitus is out of control
122
Hypersmolar hyper- above - osmol-concentration - ar pertaining to
Marked hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis
123
Ketoacidosis ket/o- ketone - acid- acid - osis condition
Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic
124
Ketone Ketosis ket- ketone -osis condition
Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation Excessive production of ketones
125
Metabolic Acidosis metabol- change acid- acid -ic pertaining to -osis condition
Decreased pH in blood and body tissues as a result of an upset in metabolism
126
Paresthesia Paresthesias par- abnormal - esthes- sensation - ia condition
an abnormal sensation; for example; tingling, burning, pricking
127
Polydipsia poly- many, much - dips- thirst - ia condition
Excessive thirst
128
Polyphagia poly-many, much - phag- to eat - ia condition
Excessive eating
129
Polyuria poly- many, much - ur- urine - ia condition
Excessive production of urine
130
Saline
Salt solution, usually sodium chloride
131
Criterion Criteria
Standard or rule for judging
132
Fructosamine fructos- fruit sugar -amine nitrogen containing
Organic compound of fructose as its base
133
Glycosylated Hemoglobin glyc/o- glucose - sylated link - hem/o- blood - globin protein
Hemoglobin A fraction linked to glucose, used as index of glucose control
134
Immunoassay immun/o- immune response -assay evaluate
Biochemical test that is uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of a substance in a liquid
135
Microalbuminuria micro-small - albumin- albumin - ur- urine - ia condition
Presence of very small quantities of albumin in urine that cannot be detected by conventional urine testing
136
Synergist Synergistic syn- together - erg- work - ist specialist - ic pertaining to
Agent or process that aids the action of another Working together
137
Hormones secreted by the Pineal Gland
Melatonin
138
Hormones secreted by the Hypothalamus
GnHr (gonadotrpin- releasing hormone) CRH (corticotropin- releasing hormone) TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) GHRH (growth hormone- releasing hormone)
139
Hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary
``` TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) FSH (follicle- stimulating hormone) LH (Luteinizing hormone) GH (Growth Hormone) ```
140
Hormones secreted by Posterior Pituitary
ADH ( Antidiuretic hormone) | Oxytocin
141
Hormones secreted by the Thyroid
T3 T4 Calcitonin
142
Hormones secreted by the Parathyroids
PTH (para-thyroid hormone)
143
Hormones secreted by the Pancreas
Insulin | Glucagon
144
Hormones secreted by the Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions