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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Amino Acid

amin/o nitrogen containing

A

the basic building block for protein

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2
Q

Ammonia

ammon- ammonia

A

Toxic breakdown product of amino acids

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3
Q

Bladder

A

Hollow sac that holds fluid; for example urine or bile

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4
Q

Excretion

Excrete

A

Removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body

to pass out of the body the waste products of metabolism

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5
Q

Kidney

A

Organ of excretion

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6
Q

Nephrology

Nephrologist

nephr/o kidney

  • logy study of
  • logist one who studies, specialist
A

Medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

Medical specialist in diseases of the kidney

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7
Q

Nitrogenous

nitr/o- nitrogen

  • gen- create
  • ous pertaining to
A

Containing or generating nitrogen

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8
Q

Renal

ren- kidney
-al pertaining to

A

Pertaining to the kidney

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9
Q

Urea

A

end product of nitrogen metabolism expelled in urine

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10
Q

Ureter

Ureteral

ureter- ureter
-al pertaining to

A

Tube that connects the kidney to the urinary bladder

Pertaining to the ureter

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11
Q

Urethra

Urethral

urethr- urethra
-al pertaining to

A

Canal leading from the bladder to the outside of the body

Pertaining to the urethra

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12
Q

Urine

Urinary

Urinate

Urination

urin- urine

  • ary pertaining to
  • ate composed of, pertaining to
  • ation process
A

Fluid and dissolved substances excreted by kidney

Pertaining to urine

To pass urine

The act of passing urine

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13
Q

Urology

Urologist

Urologic

ur/o- urinary system

  • logy study of
  • logist one who studies
  • ic pertaining to
A

Medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system

Medical specialist in disorders of the urinary system

Pertaining to urology

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14
Q

Calyx

Calyces

A

Funnel shaped structure

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15
Q

Cortex

Cortices

Cortical

cort- cortex
-ical pertaining to

A

Outer portion of an organ

Pertaining to the cortex

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16
Q

Erythropoietin

erythr/o red
-poietin the maker

A

Protein secreted by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell production

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17
Q

Filter

Filtrate

Filtration

filtr- strain through

  • ate composed of
  • ation process
A

A porous substance through which a liquid or gas is passed to separate out contained particles; or to use a filter

That which has passed through a filter

Process of passing liquid through a filter

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18
Q

Glomerulus

Glomeruli

Glomerular

gomerul- glomerulus
-ar pertaining to

A

Plexus of capillaries; part of a nephron

Pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus or glomeruli

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19
Q

Hilum

Hila

A

The part where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

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20
Q

Medulla

A

Central protion of a structure surrounded by cortex

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21
Q

Nephron

Nephron Loop

A

Filtration unit of the kidney; glomerulus + renal tubule

Part of the renal tubule where reabsorption occurs

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22
Q

Pelvis

A

A cup shaped cavity; as in the pelvis of the kidney

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23
Q

Peritubular

peri- around

  • tubul- small tube
  • ar pertaining to
A

Surrounding the small renal tubules

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24
Q

Permeable

Semipermeable

Impermeable

perm/e- pass through

  • able capable of
  • semi half
  • im not, in
A

Allowing passage of a substance through a membrane

Freely permeable to water but not to solutes

When nothing is allowed passage

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25
Reabsorption re- back - ab- away from - sorpt- swallow - ion process
The taking back into the blood of substances that had previously been filtered out
26
Renin ren- kidney -in substance
Enzyme secreted by the kidney that causes vasoconstriction
27
Adenoma aden- gland -oma tumor
Benign tumor that originates from glandular tissue
28
Carcinoma carcin- cancer -oma tumor
A cancerous and invasive epithelial tumor
29
Glomerulonephritis glomerul/o- glomerulus - nephr- kidney - itis inflammation
Infection of the glomeruli of the kidney
30
Interstitial inter- between - stit- space - ial pertaining to
Pertaining to the spaces between cells in a tissue or organ
31
Nephritis nephr- kidney -itis inflammation
Inflammation of the kidney
32
Nephroblastoma Wilms tumor nephr/o- kidney -blast- embryonic, immature cell
Cancerous kidney tumor of the childhood
33
Nephropathy nephr/o- kidney -pathy disease
Any disease of the kidney
34
Nephrotic Syndrome Nephrosis nephr/o- kidney - tic pertaining to - osos condition
Glomerular disease with marked loss of protein
35
Pyelitis Pyelonephritis pyel/o- renal pelvis -nephr- kidney
Inflammation of renal pelvis Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis
36
Anuria an- lack of, without - ur- urine - ia condition
Absence of urine production
37
Azotemia azot- nitrogen -emia blood condition
Excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood
38
Hematuria hemat- blood - ur- urine - ia condition
Blood in the urine
39
Hypertension hyper- excessive - tens- pressure - ion action, condition
persistent high arterial blood pressure
40
oliguria olig- scanty - ur- urine - ia condition
Scanty production of urine
41
Polycystic poly- many - cyst- bladder, cyst - ic pertaining to
Composed of many cyst
42
Proteinuria protein- protein - ur- urine - ia condition
presence of protein in urine
43
Uremia ur- urine -emia blood condition
A condition caused by excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
44
Calcus Calculi
Small stone
45
Hydronephrosis Hydronephrotic hydro- water - nephr/o- kidney - osis condition - tic pertaining to
Dilation of pelvis and calyces of a kidney pertaining to or suffering from the dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney
46
Intermittent inter- between - mitt- send - ent end result
Alternating ceasing and beginning again
47
Nephrolithiasis nephr/o- kidney - lith- stone - iasis condition
Presence of a kidney stone
48
Peristalsis Peristaltic peri- around - stalsis constrict - tic pertaining to
Waves of alternate contraction and relaxation along a tube to move its contents onward Pertaining to peristalsis
49
Reflux re- back -flux flow
Backward flow
50
Spasmodic spasm- spasm - mod- nature, form - ic pertaining to
Having intermittent spasms or contractions
51
Meatus
The external opening of a passage
52
Micturition Micturate mictur- pass urine - ition process - ate composed of
Act of passing urine Pass urine
53
Reflex
An involuntary response to a stimulus
54
Sphincter
Band of muscle that encircles an opening, when the muscle contracts, the opening squeezes closed
55
Urination ation- process
The passing of urine
56
Void
To evacuate urine or feces
57
Cystitis cyst- bladder -itis inflammation
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
58
Dysuria dys- bad, difficult - ur- urinary system - ia condition
Difficulty or pain with urination
59
Frequency frequ- repeated, often -ency state of, quality of
the number of times something happens in a given time
60
Idiopathic idi/o- personal, distinct - path- disease - ic pertaining to
Pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology
61
Incontinence Incontinent in- in, not - contin- hold together - ence state of, quality of - ent pertaining to, end result
Inability to prevent discharge of urine or feces Denoting incontinence
62
Retention
A holding in of what should normally be discharged
63
Suprapubic supra- above - pub- pubis - ic pertaining to
Above the symphysis pubis
64
Cast
a cylindrical mold formed by materials in the kidney tubules
65
Cystoscope Cystoscopy cyst/o bladder - scope instrument for viewing - scopy to examine
An endoscope to view the inside of the bladder The process of using a cystoscope
66
Glycosuria glyc/o- glucose - ur- urinary system - ia condtion
Presence of glucose in urine
67
Ketone Ketosis Ketoacidosis ket/o- ketones - acid/o- acid, low pH - sis condition
Chemical formed in uncontrolled diabetes or in starvation Excess production of ketones Excessive production of ketones, making the blood acidic
68
Nitrite
Chemical formed in urine by E. Coli and other microorganisms
69
Pyelogram pyel/o renal pelvis -gram recording
X ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters
70
Retrograde retro- backward -grade going
reversal of a normal flow; for example, back from the bladder into the ureters
71
Stage
A description of the distribution and extent of dissemination of a cancer disease process
72
Urinalysis urin/a- urine -lysis to separate
Examination of urine to separate it into its elements and define their kind and or quantity
73
Ambulatory ambulat- walk -ory relating to
Relating to walking
74
Catheter
Hollow tube that allows passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel
75
Cystopexy cyst/o- bladder -pexy surgical fixation
Surgical procedure to support the urinary bladder
76
Dialysis Dialyzer Hemodialysis dia- complete -lysis to separate -lyzer separator hem/o blood
An artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body machine that performs dialysis An artificial machine based method to remove wastes from blood
77
Extracorpeal extra- outside - corpor- body - eal pertaining to
Outside the body
78
Kegel Exercises
Contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles to improve urethral and rectal sphincter function
79
Lithotripsy Lithotripter lith/o- stone - tripsy to crush - tripter crusher
Crushing stones by sound waves instrument that generated the sound waves
80
nephrolithotomy nephr/o- kidney lith/o- stone -tomy surgical incision
Incision to remove a renal stone
81
Nephroscope Nephroscopy nephr/o- kidney - scope instrument for viewing - scopy to examine
Endoscope to view the inside of the kidney Visual examination of the kidney
82
Percutaneous per- thorugh cutane/o skin -us pertaining to
Pertaining to through the skin
83
Transplant trans- across -plant insert, plant
The act of transferring tissue from one person to another
84
Ureteroscope Ureteroscopy ureter/o- ureter -scope instrument for viewing -scopy to examine
Endoscope to view the inside of the ureter Endoscopic examination of the inside of the ureter
85
Alpha-Blocking Agent Alpha-blockers
Drugs that relax smooth muscle
86
Analgesia Analgesic an- wihtout alges- sensation of pain -ia condition -ic pertaining to
State in which pain is reduced Substance that produces analgesia Ex. Pyridium
87
Culture
the reproduction of microorganisms on or in various media
88
Diuresis Diuretic dia- complete - ur- urinary system - esis abnormal condition - etic pertaining to
Excretion of large volumes of urine Agent that increases urine output Ex. Lasix
89
Generic gener- birth -ic pertaining to
A nonproprietary name for a drug
90
Hypokalemia hypo- below, low kal-potassium -emia blood condition
Low concentration of potassium in the blood
91
Sensitivity sensitiv- feeling -ity condition, state
Denoting the susceptibility of a microorganism to inhibition or destruction by a given antibiotic
92
Antiretroviral Retrovirus anti- against - retro- back, backward - vir- virus - al pertaining to
An agent that inhibits or kills any virus of the family A virus with RNA core genetic material
93
Genital Genitalia genit- primary male or female sex organs - al pertaining to - ia condition
Relating to the male or female sex organs External and internal organs of reproduction
94
Vaginosis Vaginitis vagin- vagina - osis condition - itis inflammation
Any disease of the vagina Inflammation of the vagina
95
Dysfunction Dysfunctional dys- difficult, painful - function perform - al pertaining to
Difficulty in performing Having difficulty performing
96
Impotence
Inability to achieve an erection
97
Overactive over- above - act- process of doing - ive function, connection
An exaggerated response
98
Functions of the Kidneys
1. Filter blood to eliminate waste 2. Regulate blood volume and pressure by eliminating or conserving water as necessary 3. Maintain homeostasis by controlling the quantities of water and electrolytes that are eliminated 4. Secrete the enzyme renin, which raises arterial blood pressure 5. Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which acts on the bone to release red blood cells 6. Synthesize Vitamin D to contribute to maintaining normal blood calcium levels

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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