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Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Blood formation
  5. Mineral storage and balance
  6. Detoxification
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2
Q

Cartilage

A

Nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

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3
Q

Chiropractic

Chiropractor

chir/o- hand

  • pract- effecient
  • ic pertaining to
  • or a doer
A

Diagnosis, treatmentm and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Practitioner of chiropractic

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4
Q

Detoxification

de- from, out of
tox/i- poison
-fication remove

A

Removal of poison from a tissue or substance

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5
Q

Ligament

A

Band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

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6
Q

Muscle

Musculoskeletal

muscul/o- muscle

  • skelet- skeleton
  • al pertaining to
A

Tissue consisting of contractile cells

Pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton

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7
Q

Orthopedic

Orthopedist

orth/o- straight

  • ped- child
  • ic pertaining to
  • ist specialist
A

Pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; originally most of the deformities treated were in children

Specialist in orthopedics

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8
Q

Osteopath

Osteopathy

oste/o- bone
-path disease

A

Practitioner of osteopathy

Medical practice based on maintaining the structural integrity of the musculoskeletal system

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9
Q

Tendon

A

Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

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10
Q

Cortex

Cortical

cortic- cortex
-al pertaining to

A

Outer portion of an organ, such as a bone

Pertaining to the cortex

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11
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft of a long bone

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12
Q

Endosteum

end- within

  • oste- bone
  • um
A

A membrane of tissue lining the inner cavity of a long bone

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13
Q

Epiphysis

Epiphyseal Plate

epi- upon, above
-physis growth

phys- growth
-eal pertaining to

A

Expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone that provides increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons

Layers of cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysis where bone growth occurs

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14
Q

Haversian Canal

Central Canal

A

Vascular canals in bone

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15
Q

Lacuna

Lacunae

A

Small space or cavity within the matrix of the bone

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16
Q

Marrow

A

Fatty, blood forming tissue in the cavities of the long bones

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17
Q

Medulla

Medullary

medull- middle
-ary pertaining to

A

Central portion of a structure surrounded by a cortex

Pertaining to the medulla

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18
Q

Metaphysis

meta- beyond, after, subsequent to
physis growth

A

Region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis where bone growth occurs

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19
Q

Osteoblast

oste/o- bone
-blast germ cell

A

Bone FORMING cells

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20
Q

Osteoclast

oste/o- bone
-clast break down

A

Bone REMOVING cell

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21
Q

Osteocyte

oste/o- bone
-cyte cell

A

Bone MAINTAINING cell

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22
Q

Osteogenesis

Osteogenic

oste/o- bone

  • genesis creation
  • genic producing
A

Creation of new bone

Relating to the creation of new bone

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23
Q

Osteoporosis

oste/o- bone

  • por- opening
  • osis condition
A

Condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile, and more likely to fracture

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24
Q

Periosteum

Peristeal

peri- around

  • oste- bone
  • um tissue, structure
  • al pertaining to
A

Strong membrane surrounding a bone

Pertaining to the periosteum

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25
Achondroplasia a- without - chondr/o- cartilage - plasia formation
Condition with abnormal conversion of cartilage in bone, leading to dwarfism
26
Osteogenesis Imperfecta oste/o-bone -genesis creation imperfecta- unfinished
Inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones
27
Osteomalacia oste/o- bone -malacia abnormal softness
Soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium
28
Osteomyelitis oste/o- bone - myel- bone marrow - itis inflammation
Inflammation of bone tissue
29
Osteopenia oste/o- bone -penia deficient
Decreased calcification of bone
30
Resorption
Loss of substance, such as bone
31
Rickets
Disease in children due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones
32
Sarcoma Osteogenic Sarcoma sarc- flesh -oma tumor, mass oste/o bone -genic creation
A malignant tumor originating in connective tissue Malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells
33
Callus
The mass of fibrous connective tissue that forms at a fracture site and becomes the foundation for the formation of new bone
34
Cancellous
Bone that has a spongy or lattice like structure
35
Closed Fracture closed- intact fract- break -ure result of
A bone that is broken but the skin over it is intact
36
Comminuted Fracture comminut- break into small pieces -ed pertaining to
A fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces
37
Complete Fracture
A bone that is fractured into two separate pieces
38
Compression Fracture compress- press together -ion condition, action
Frcature of a vertebra causing loss of height of the vertebra
39
Displaced Fracture dis- apart, away from placed- in an area
A fracture in which the fragments are separated and are not in alignment
40
Greenstick Fracture
A fracture in which one side of the bone is partially broken and the other side is bent. Occurs mostly in children
41
Hairline Fracture
A fracture without separation of fragments
42
Hematoma hemato- blood -oma tumor, mass
Collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue
43
Impacted Fracture im- in - pact- driven in - ed pertaining to
A fracture in which the bone fragments
44
Incomplete Fracture in- not -complete fill in
A fracture that does not extend across the bone, as in a hairline fracture
45
Linear Fracture line- a mark -ar pertaining to
A fracture running parallel to the length of the bone
46
Oblique Fracture
A diagonal fracture across the long axis of the bone
47
Open Fracture
The skin over the fracture is is broken
48
Pathological Fracture
Fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer. Also called a stress fracture
49
Spiral Fracture spir- a coil -al pertaining to
A fracture in the shape of a coil
50
Transverse Fracture trans- across -verse travel
A fracture perpendicular to the long axis of the bone
51
Articulation Articulate Articular articul- joint - ation process - ate pertaining to - ar pertaining to
A joint Joint movement Pertaining to a joint
52
Bursa Bursitis burs- bursa -itis inflammation
A closed sac containing synovial fluid Inflammation of a bursa
53
Fibrocartilage fibr/o- fiber -cartilag/e cartilage
Cartilage containing collagen fibers
54
Gomphosis Gomphoses gomph- bolt, nail -osis condition
Joint formed by a peg and socket
55
Hyaline
Cartilage that looks like frosted glass and contains fine collagen fibers
56
Meniscus Menisci
Disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint, for example, in the knee joint
57
Suture Sutures
Place where two bones are joined together by a fibrous band continuous with their periosteum, as in the skull. Also means to unite two surfaces by sewing together, and the seam formed by the sewing together
58
Symphysis Symphyses
Two bones joined by fibrocartilage
59
Synchondrosis synchondroses syn- together - chrondr- cartilage - osis condition
A rigid articulation formed by cartilage
60
Syndesmosis Syndesmoses syn- together des- bind -osis condtion
An articulation formed by ligaments
61
Synovial syn- together - ov/i- egg - al pertaining to
Pertaining to synovial fluid and synovial membrane
62
Abduction Abduct ab- away from - duct- lead - ion process, action
Action of moving away from the midline
63
Adduction Adduct ad- toward - duct- lead - ion process, action
Action of moving toward the midline
64
Circumduction Circumduct circum- around - duct- lead - ion
Movement of an extremity in a circular motion
65
Eversion Evert
A turning outward
66
Extension
When a join is straightened to increase its angle
67
Flexion
When a joint is bent to decrease its angle
68
Inversion Invert
A turning inward
69
Prone Pronation Pronate pronat- bend down -ion process, action
Lying facedown, flat on your belly Process of lying facedown or of turning a hand or foot with a volar (palm or sole) surface down
70
Supine Supinate Supination supuinat- bend backward -ion process, action
Process of lying face upward or turning an arm or foot so that the palm or sole is facing up
71
Degenerative degenerat- deteriorate -ive quality of
Relating to the deterioration of a structure
72
Deviation
A turning aside from a normal course
73
Interphalangeal inter- between - phalang- phalanx - eal pertaining to
Pertaining to the joints between two phalanges
74
Metacarpophalangeal meta- after, beyond - carp/o- bones of the wrist - phalang- phalanx - eal pertaining to
Pertaining to the joints between the metacarpal bones and phalanges
75
Osteoarthritis oste/o bone - arthr- joint - itis inflammation
Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function
76
Rheumatoid Arthritis rheumat- rheumatism -oid resemble arthr- joint -itis inflammation
Disease of connective tissue with arthritis as a major manifestation
77
Ulna Ulnar ula- forearm bone
The medial and larger bone of the forearm Pertaining to the ulna or any of the structures (artery, vein, nerve) named after it
78
Cervical cervic- neck -al pertaining to
Pertaining to the neck region
79
Coccyx
Small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column
80
Disc
Flattened, round structure. In the skeletal system, a flattened round fibrocartilaginous structure between bones
81
Foramen Foramina
An opening through structure
82
Herniation Herniate herni-rupture - ation process, being - ate process
Protrusion of an anatomical structure from its normal position
83
Intervertebral inter- between - vertebr- vertebra - al pertaining to
Located between two vertebrae
84
Kyphosis Kyphotic kyph/o humpback - osis condition - tic pertaining to
A normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in disease Pertaining to kyphosis
85
Lordosis Lordotic lord- bend backward - osis condition - tic pertaining to
An exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine Pertaining to lordosis
86
Lumbar
Relating to the region in the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis
87
Sacrum Sacral sacr- sacrum -al pertaining to
Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis Pertaining to the sacrum
88
Scoliosis Scoliotic scoli/o- crooked - osis condition - tic pertaining to
An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column Pertaining to Scoliosis
89
Spine Spinal spin- spine -al pertaining to
Vertebral column, or a short projection from a bone Pertaining to the spine
90
Thorax Thoracic thorac- chest -ic pertaining to
The part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck Pertaining to the chest (thorax)
91
Vertebra Vertebae Vertebral vertebr- vertebra -al pertaining to
One of the bones of the spinal column Pertaining to the vertebrae
92
Whiplash whip- to swing -last end of the whip
Symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck, often in the automobile accident
93
Concha conchae
Shell shaped bone on medial wall of nasal cavity
94
Cranium Cranial crani- skull -al pertaining to
The upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain Pertaining to the skull
95
Ethmoid Bone ethm- sieve -oid resemble
Bone that forms the back of the nose and part of the orbits and encloses numerous air cells, forming the ethmoid sinuses
96
Lacrimal lacrim- tears -al pertaining to
Pertaining to tears
97
Mandible Mandibular mandibul- the jaw -ar pertaining to
Lower jaw bone Pertaining to the mandible
98
Maxilla Maxillary maxill-maxilla -ary pertaining to
Upper jaw bone, containing the right and left maxillary sinuses
99
Occiput Occipital Bone occipit- back of head -al pertaining to
The back of the skull Bone that forms the back and part of the base of the cranium
100
Palatine
Bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits
101
Parietal Bone pariet- wall -al pertaining to
Bone that forms the bulging sides and roof of the cranium
102
Sphenoid Bone sphen- wedge -oid resemble
Wedge shaped bone that forms part of the base of the cranium and the orbits
103
Temporal Bones Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) tempor/o- temple, side of head - al pertaining to - mandibul- the jaw - ar pertaining to
Bones that form the sides and part of the base of the cranium The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible
104
Vomer
Lower nasal septum
105
Zygoma Zygomatic zygomat- cheek bone -ic pertaining to
Bone that forms the prominence of the cheek
106
Acromion Acromioclavicular acromi/o- acromion -ion action -clavicul- clavicle ar- pertaining to
Lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint Pertaining to the joint between the acromion and the clavicle
107
Clavicle Clavicular clavicul- clavicle -ar pertaining to
Curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle Pertaining to the clavicle
108
Dislocation dis- apart - locat- a place - ion action
The state of being completely out of the joint
109
Humerus
Single bone of the upper arm
110
Pectoral Pectoral Girdle pector- chest -al pertaining to
Pertaining to the chest Incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton
111
Scapula Scapulae Scapular scapul- scapula -ar pertaining to
Shoulder blade Pertaining to the shoulder blade
112
Separation separat- move apart -ion action
A shoulder seperation is a dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
113
Subluxation sub- under, slightly - luxat- dislocate - ion action
An incomplete dislocation in which some contact between the joint surfaces remains
114
Condyle Epicondyle - epi above - condyle knuckle
Rounded bone surface that articulates with another bone Projection above the condyle for attachment of a ligament or tendon
115
Radius
The forearm bone on the thumb side
116
Carpus Carpal carp- bones of the wrist -al pertaining to
Collective term for the eight carpal bones of the wrist Pertaining to the wrist
117
Colles Fracture
Fracture of the distal radius at the wrist
118
Cyst
An abnormal, fluid containing sac
119
Retinaculum retinacul- hold back -um structure
Fibrous ligament that keeps the tendons in place of the wrist so that they do not bowstring when the forearm muscles contract
120
Metacarpals meta- after - carp- bones of the wrist - al pertaining to
The five bones of the carpus and the fingers
121
Phalanx Phalanges
A bone of a finger or toe
122
Amputation amputate amputee amput- to prune, lop off - ation process - ate pertaining to - ee one associated with
Process of removing a limb, a part of a limb, a breast, or some other projecting part The act of amputation A person with an amputation
123
Contracture contract- draw together -ure process
Muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis
124
Deformity de- take away - form- form, appearance - ity condition
A permanent structural deviation from the normal
125
Dupuytren Contracture contract- draw together ure- process
A thickening and shortening of fibrous bands in the palm of the hand
126
Flexor Flex
Muscle or tendon that flexes a joint To bend a joint so that the two parts come together
127
Herberden Node
Bony lump on the terminal phalan of the fingers in osteoarthritis
128
Instability in- not - stabil- stand firm - ity condition
Abnormal tendency of a joint to partially or fully dislocate
129
Juvenile
Between the age of 2 and 17 years
130
Nodule nod- node -ule little, small
Small node or knotlike swelling
131
Residue Residual resid/u- what is left over -al pertaining to
That which remains or is left over Pertaining to anything left over
132
Rheumatism Rheumatic Rheumatoid Arthritis rheumat- a flow - ism condition - ic pertaining to - oid resemblng - itis inflammation - arthr joint
Pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system Relating to or characterized by rheumatism Disease of connective tissue, with arthritis as a major manifestation
133
Susceptible
Capable of being affected by
134
Acetabulum
The cup shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint
135
Diastasis
Separation of normally joined parts
136
Femur Femoral femor- femur -al pertaining to
The thigh bone Pertaining to the femur
137
Ilium Ilia
Large wing shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis
138
Ischium Ischia Ischial isch/i- ischium -al pertaining to
Lower and posterior part of the hip Pertaining to the ischium
139
Pelvis Pelvic pelv- pelvis -ic pertaining to
A cup shaped ring of bone, also a cup shaped cavity, as in the pelvis of the kidney Pertaining to the pelvis
140
Pubis Pubic pub- pubis ic- pertaining to
Bony front arch of the pelvis of the hip, also called pubic bone Pertaining to the pubis
141
Sacrum Sacral Sacroiliac Joint sacr/o sacrum - al pertaining to - ili- ilium - ac pertaining to
Segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis In the neighborhood of the sacrum The joint between the sacrum and ilium
142
Arthritis arthr- joint -itis infammation
Inflammation of a joint or joints
143
Avascular a- without vascul- blood vessel -ar pertaining to
Without a blood supply
144
Labrum
Cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint
145
Necrosis Necrotic necr/o death - osis condition - tic pertaining to
Pathological death of cells or tissues Affected by necrosis
146
Collateral col- before - later- side - al pertaining to
Situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction
147
Condyle
Large, smooth, rounded expansion of the end of a bone that forms a joint with another bone
148
Cruciate
Shaped like a cross
149
Fibula Fibular fibul- fibula -al pertaining to
The smaller of the two bones of the lower leg Pertaining to the fibula
150
Lateral (opposite of medial) later- side -al pertaining to
Situated at the side of a structure
151
Medial (opposite of lateral) medi- middle -al pertaining to
Nearer to the middle of the body
152
Tibia Tibial tibi- tibia -al pertaining to
The larger bone of the lower leg Pertaining to the tibia
153
Chondromalacia chrond/o- cartilage -malacia abnormal softness
Softening and degeneration of cartilage
154
Hyperflexion hyper- excess - flex- bend - ion action, condition
Flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits
155
Meniscus Menisci
Disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint, for example, in the knee joint
156
Patella Patellae Patellar Prepatellar pre- before, in front of patell- patella -ar pertaining to
Thin, circular bone bone in front of the knee joint and embedded in the patellar tendon Pertaining to the knee cap In front of the patella
157
Bunion
A swelling at the base of the big toe
158
Calcaneus Calcaneal calcan- calcaneus -eal pertaining to
Bone of the tarsus that forms the heel Pertaining to the calcaneus
159
Fasciitis fasci- fascia -itis inflammation
Inflammation of the fascia
160
Gout
Painful arthritis of the big toe and other joints
161
Hallux Valgus
Deviation of the big toe toward the lateral side of the foot
162
Metatarsus Metatarsal meta- behind - tars- ankle - us structure
A collective term referring to the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges Pertaining to the metatarsus
163
Pes Planus
A flat foot with no plantar arch
164
Podiatry Podiatrist pod- foot - iatry treatment - iatrist practitioner
Specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot Practitioner of podiatry
165
Pott Fracture fract- break -ure result of
Fracture of lower end of fibula, often with fracture of tibial malleolus
166
Talipes Equinovarus tali- ankle bone -pes foot equin/o horse -varus bend inward, bow-legged
Deformity of the foot involving the talus
167
Talus
The tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint
168
Tarsus Tarsal tars- tarsus -al pertaining to
The collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep Pertaining to the tarsus
169
Arthrocentesis arthr/o- joint -centesis to puncture
Withdrawal of fluid from a joint with a needle
170
Arthrodesis arthr/o- joint -desis bind together
Fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery
171
Arthrography arthr/o- joint -graphy process of recording
X-ray of a joint taken after injection of a contrast medium in the joint
172
Arthroplasty arthr/o- joint -plasty
Surgery to restore as far as possible the function of a joint
173
Arthroscope Arthroscopy arthr/o- joint - scope instrument for viewing - scopy to view
Endoscope used to view the interior of a joint Visual examination of the interior of a joint
174
Debridement de- take away - bride- rubble - ment action
The removal of injured or necrotic tissue
175
Fasciectomy Fasciotomy fasci/o- fascia - ectomy excision - tomy incision
Surgical removal of the fascia An incision through a band of fascia, usually to relieve pressure on underlying structures
176
Meniscectomy menisc- crescent, meniscus -ectomy excision
Excision (cutting out) of all or part of a meniscus
177
Prosthesis
Manufactured substitute for a missing part of the body
178
Acetaminophen
Medication that modifies or relieves pain
179
Bisphosphonate bi- two - phos- light - phon- sound - ate composed of
Drug that delays the rate of bone reabsorption
180
Calcitonin calci- calcium - ton- tension, pressure - in chemical compound
Hormone that moves calcium from blood to bones
181
Corticosteroid cortic/o- cortisone - ster- steroid - oid resembling
A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
182
Inhibit Inhibitor
to curb or restrain Agent that curbs or restrains
183
Intra-articular intra- inside - articul- joint - ar pertaining to
Pertaining to the inside of a joint

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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