Endocrine System, Hormones & Immune Response

Question 1

Signaling cell targets itself

Answer 1

Autocrine signaling

Question 2

Signaling cells targets local cells

Answer 2

Paracrine signaling

Question 3

Signaling cell targets distant cells through bloodstream

Answer 3

Endocrine system

Question 4

Signaling cell targets connected cells connected through gap junctions

Answer 4

Direct signaling

Question 5

This system secretes chemical signals directly into the bloodstream

Answer 5

Endocrine

Question 6

Slow, long lasting response

Answer 6

Endocrine

Question 7

Fast, short lasting response

Answer 7

Nervous system

Question 8

Mechanics of endocrine system

Answer 8

1. Stimulus recognized by body
2. Endocrine cells release hormone
3. Hormone travels throughout body
4. Response is triggered

Question 9

Hormone is secreted by a gland, target is outside of the body

Answer 9

Exocrine

Question 10

Hormone secreted by a gland, enters blood stream and targets tissues in body

Answer 10

Endocrine

Question 11

Specialized neurons that also secrete hormones

Answer 11

Neurosecretory

Question 12

Secreted chemical signal used to trigger response in another individual of same species

Answer 12

Pheromones

Question 13

Steroids are ______-based hormones

Answer 13

Lipid

Question 14

Testosterone & estrogen are examples of

Answer 14

Steroid hormones

Question 15

Peptide hormones are _______-based

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

Oxytosin, insulin & glucagon are examples of

Answer 16

Peptide hormones

Question 17

Master nerve control center

Answer 17

Hypothalamus

Question 18

Master gland in body

- secretes range of trophic hormones that regulate other glands

Answer 18

Pituitary gland

Question 19

Produces T3 & T4 that regulate metabolism and growth differentiation
- Calcitonin

Answer 19

Thyroid glands

Question 20

Secretes PTH and increases blood Ca levels

Answer 20

Parathyroid

Question 21

Produces insulin and glucagon

Answer 21

Pancreas

Question 22

Secretes thymosin — matures T-cells

Answer 22

Thymus gland

Question 23

Produces hormones that stimulate “fight or flight” and kidney function

Answer 23

Adrenal glands

Question 24

Hormones that increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and expands air passageways

Answer 24

Epinephrine

Question 25

Increases reabsorption of Na+ ions and water

Answer 25

Aldosterone

Question 26

Response that is general — identification of anything “non-self” — rapid response; includes barriers and internal defense

Answer 26

Innate immune response

Question 27

Response that recognizes specific pathogens

Answer 27

Adaptive immune response

Question 28

Barrier of defenses — mucous membranes

Answer 28

- line tracts (digestive, respiratory etc.) - secretes mucous to trap pathogens - ingested pathogens deal with acidic environment of the stomach

Question 29

Barriers — lysozyme

Answer 29

- anti microbial enzyme that breaks down bacterial cells walls - found in saliva, mucous and tears

Question 30

Barrier — skin

Answer 30

- secretes oils and sweats to provide an acidic environment that is harmful to pathogens

Question 31

What type of cells are white blood cells

Answer 31

Phagocytic cells

Question 32

Circulate in blood — attracted to infected tissue then engulf / destroy it

Answer 32

Neutrophils

Question 33

Big eaters — some migrate throughout the body some stay put where they are likely to encounter pathogens

Answer 33

Macrophages

Question 34

Lymphocytes that circulate throughout the body, releasing chemicals that lead to cell death

Answer 34

Natural killers

Question 35

Proteins that provide innate defense by interfering with viral infections

Answer 35

Interferons

Question 36

Group of 30 proteins in blood plasma — activate = cascade of reactions that lead to cell lysis

Answer 36

Complement proteins

Question 37

Local inflammatory response

Answer 37

Triggered by damage to tissue