Neuron

Question 1

Functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Cell body of neuron — contains organelles

Answer 2

Soma

Question 3

Extensions that receive signals

Answer 3

Dendrites

Question 4

Long extensions that transmit signals

Answer 4

Axons

Question 5

Cells around neuron that produce the myelin sheath

Answer 5

Schwann cells

Question 6

Insulation along the axon; quickens conduction of signals

Answer 6

Myelin sheath

Question 7

Gaps between myelin sheath

Answer 7

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 8

Where action potential can be reached

Answer 8

Axon hillock

Question 9

Ending of axon

Answer 9

Axon terminal

Question 10

Gap between one neuron and another neuron, gland, or muscle cells

Answer 10

Synapse

Question 11

Presynaptic cell _________ signal

Answer 11

Transmits

Question 12

Postsynaptic cell ________ signal

Answer 12

Receives

Question 13

Chemical messages released from vesticles in the synaptic terminals into synapse

Answer 13

Neurotransmitters

Question 14

Dopamine and serotonin are examples of

Answer 14

Neurotransmitters

Question 15

Transmit information from sensory receptors to the brain

Answer 15

Sensory neurons

Question 16

Connect sensory and motor neurons to make local connections in brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

Interneuron

Question 17

Transmit signals to effectors

Answer 17

Motor neuron

Question 18

Difference in electrical charge across a cell

Answer 18

Membrane potential

Question 19

“All or none” response to depolarization of the membrane

Answer 19

Action potential

Question 20

Causes depolarization; moves membrane potential closer to threshold

Answer 20

Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 21

Causes hypopolarization; moves membrane potential away from threshold

Answer 21

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 22

Nerve impulses jump between the nodes of Ranvier

Answer 22

Saltatory conduction

Question 23

Transmission of information from neurons to other cells occur at synapses

Answer 23

Neuron communication

Question 24

Complex network of nervous tissue that carries signals throughout the body

Answer 24

The nervous system

Question 25

Simple autonomic response to stimulus

Answer 25

Reflex

Question 26

Response pathway

Answer 26

Ensure input —> integration —> motor input

Question 27

Consists of bundled axons

Answer 27

White matter

Question 28

Supporting cells in nervous systems

Answer 28

Glial cells

Question 29

Line ventricles of the brain — have cilia to promote circulation of spinal fluid

Answer 29

Ependymal cells

Question 30

Star shaped cells — facilitate transfer, promotion of blood flow to neurons

Answer 30

Astrocytes

Question 31

Myelinate axons in the CNS

Answer 31

Oligodendrocytes

Question 32

Mylinate axons in the PNS

Answer 32

Schwann cells

Question 33

Immune cells in the CNS

Answer 33

Microglia

Question 34

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 34

CNS

Question 35

Transmits information to and from the CNS

Answer 35

Peripheral nervous system

Question 36

Carries signals to skeletal muscles

Answer 36

Somatic nervous system

Question 37

Regulates smooth and cardiac muscles

Answer 37

Autonomic nervous system

Question 38

Increases heart rate

Answer 38

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 39

Decreases heart rate

Answer 39

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 40

Exerts direct and partially

Answer 40

Enteric nervous system

Question 41

Responsible for breathing, swallowing and digestion — conducts sensory and moto signals between spinal cord and higher brain regions

Answer 41

Brainstem

Question 42

Coordinates movement and balance

Answer 42

Cerebellum

Question 43

Main center for which sensory and motor information passes to and from cerebrum

Answer 43

Thalamus

Question 44

Regulates homeostasis & information processing

Answer 44

Hypothalamus