Energy Test (Vocab)

Question 1

Acytl-coA

Answer 1

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Question 2

Activation energy

Answer 2

The amount of energy that a reactant is required to expend in order for a reaction to take place

Question 3

Active sight

Answer 3

The place in which the substrate binds to an enzyme

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules

Question 5

Anaerobic

Answer 5

Process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

Question 6

Metabolism

Answer 6

All the chemical reactions that take place inside cells — includes anabolism and catabolism

Question 7

Allosteric regulation

Answer 7

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Question 8

ATP

Answer 8

The cell’s energy “currency” — adenosine triphosphate

Question 9

Autotroph

Answer 9

Organisms that have the ability to make their own food

Question 10

Calvin cycle

Answer 10

Process by which carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates through the use of NADPH and ATP

Question 11

Catabolism

Answer 11

Pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones

Question 12

Catalyst

Answer 12

A complex or molecule that speeds up a reaction

Question 13

Cellular respiration

Answer 13

Process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

Question 14

Chemiosmosis

Answer 14

Process in which ATP is made through cellular metabolism by involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

Question 15

Chemoautotroph

Answer 15

Organism that can build organic molecules using energy derived from inorganic chemicals instead of sunlight

Question 16

Chlorophyll

Answer 16

Pigment that captures light energy in photosynthesis

Question 17

Citric acid cycle

Answer 17

Process in matrix of mitochondria that uses pyruvic acid to create NADH and FADH(2)

Question 18

Coenzyme

Answer 18

Organic molecule that enhances the activity of an enzyme

Question 19

Cofactor

Answer 19

Inorganic ion that regulates enzyme activity

Question 20

Cellular compartmentalization

Answer 20

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Question 21

Consumer

Answer 21

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Question 22

Christae

Answer 22

Inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane

Question 23

Cyclic electron flow

Answer 23

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Question 24

Denaturation

Answer 24

Changed the natural properties of a substance

Question 25

Ectothermic

Answer 25

Animal incapable of maintaining a constant internal body temperature

Question 26

ETC

Answer 26

Group of proteins between PSII and PSI that pass energized electrons and use energy released by those electrons to move H+ ions against concentration gradient into the thylakoid membrane

Question 27

Entropy

Answer 27

Disorder

Question 28

Enthalpy

Answer 28

Totally energy of a system (heat)

Question 29

Enzyme

Answer 29

Proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions

Question 30

Exergonic reaction

Answer 30

Chemical reactions that release energy

Question 31

Exothermic

Answer 31

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Question 32

FAD

Answer 32

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Question 33

Inhibitor

Answer 33

Molecule that binds to a protein and keeps it from functioning

Question 34

Fermentation

Answer 34

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Question 35

Gibbs free energy

Answer 35

Usable energy — energy available to do work

Question 36

Glycolysis

Answer 36

Process of breaking down glucose into 3C molecules and producing ATP and NADH

Question 37

Heterotroph

Answer 37

Organism that consumes organic substances or other organisms for food

Question 38

Induced fit model

Answer 38

Both the enzyme and substrate Monty their structures for allow for ideal binding

Question 39

Krebs cycle

Answer 39

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Question 40

Light dependent reactions

Answer 40

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Question 41

Light independent reactions

Answer 41

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Question 42

Matrix

Answer 42

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Question 43

Metabolic pathway

Answer 43

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Question 44

NAD+/NADH/NADP

Answer 44

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Question 45

Non-cyclic energy flow

Answer 45

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Question 46

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 46

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Question 47

Photlysis

Answer 47

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Question 48

Photosynthesis

Answer 48

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Question 49

Ribulose biphosphate

Answer 49

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Question 50

Substrate-level

Answer 50

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Question 51

Phosphorylation

Answer 51

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Question 52

Pyruvate

Answer 52

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Question 53

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 53

Where light dependent reactions take place

Question 54

The study of energy flowing through living systems

Answer 54

Bioenergetics

Question 55

Where is enthalpy stored

Answer 55

Chemical bonds

Question 56

Measure of disorder and randomness

Answer 56

Entropy

Question 57

Exergonic reaction example

Answer 57

Cellular respiration

Question 58

Endergonic reaction example

Answer 58

Photosynthesis

Question 59

First two laws of thermodynamics

Answer 59

1. Energy cannot be created not destroyed, only transferred | 2. Every time energy is transformed, entropy increases

Question 60

G<0

Answer 60

Spontaneous (exergonic)

Question 61

G>0

Answer 61

Non-spontaneous (endergonic)

Question 62

G=0

Answer 62

Equilibrium

Question 63

Two metabolic pathways

Answer 63

Anabolic and catabolic

Question 64

Reactant which binds to enzyme

Answer 64

Substrate

Question 65

Enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 65

Temporary association | - enzyme+substrate = products

Question 66

Example of active sight

Answer 66

Surcase: - enzyme breaks down sucrose - binds to sucrose & breaks down disaccharide into fructose and glucose

Question 67

Key factors that effect enzymes

Answer 67

- activators - inhibitors - temperature - pH

Question 68

Keeps enzyme in inactive form

Answer 68

Inhibitor

Question 69

Keeps enzyme in active form

Answer 69

Activator

Question 70

Spontaneous is an _______ reaction

Answer 70

Exergonic

Question 71

Non-spontaneous is an ________ reaction

Answer 71

Endergonic

Question 72

Factors that effect the rate of a reaction

Answer 72

- temperature - pH - substrate concentration - enzyme concentration - inhibitors - activators

Question 73

2 types of inhabition

Answer 73

- competitive: will compete for spot where they combine (active sight) higher amount will win - non-competitive: inhibitors binds to allosteric sight so substrate cannot fit

Question 74

Describe how a photosystems converts light energy to chemical energy

Answer 74

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Question 75

Explain how glycolysis releases free energy from glucose

Answer 75

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Question 76

Describe role of water on both cellular respiration and photosysnthesis

Answer 76

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