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PSL > endocrine system SQ's > Flashcards

endocrine system SQ's Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous impulses (AP’s) can cause

A

endocrine secretion

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2
Q

What would bind to receptors on cell membrane but NOT to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus of cell?

A
  1. Peptide Hormones

2. Lipid insoluble hormones

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3
Q

The releasing and inhibiting hormones, which control secretion of the _________ pituitary, come from the __________.

A

Anterior, Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary?

A
  1. thyroid stimulating hormone
  2. follicle-stimulating hormone
  3. growth hormone
  4. Prolactin
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5
Q

What pituitary is glandular tissue?

A

Anterior

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6
Q

What pituitary is nervous tissue?

A

Posterior

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7
Q

Growth hormone causes an increase in

A
  1. Blood glucose

2. protein synthesis

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8
Q

Thyroid hormones:

A
  1. increased basal metabolic rate
  2. increase responsiveness to epinephrine and norepinephrine
  3. are stored as part of the thryroglobulin molecule in the colloid of the thyroid gland or follicles
  4. contain iodine
  5. t3 has more activity or is more potent than T4
  6. are NOT tropic hormones
  7. increase oxygen consumption and heat production
  8. iodine is necessary in the diet for hormones to be synthesized
  9. t4 can be converted to T3 in the tissues
  10. thyroglobulin contains thyroid hormones
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9
Q

Complete removal of the parathyroid glands but no one other glands will cause…

A

Spontaneous depolarizations

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10
Q

Activation of vitamin D in the kidney is stimulated by

A

Parathyroid gland

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11
Q

What effect does parathyroid hormone have on calcium reabsorption and phosphate ion excretion in the kidney?

A

INCREASES both

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12
Q

The adrenal cortex secretes

A

Sex hormones

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13
Q

What is true about cortisol?

A
  1. is a glucocoticoid
  2. has anti-insulin effects (ex. blood glucose)
  3. used at high concentrations (pharmacological level) has an anti-inflammatory effect
  4. important in adaption to stress
  5. increases blood glucose, fatty acids, & amino acids
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14
Q

Hypophysiotropic hormones (or releasing & inhibiting hormones)

A
  1. are secreted by the hypothalamus

2. Control secretion of the anterior pituitary

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15
Q

What is secreted from the posterior pituitary (neurohypopysis)?

A
  1. Ocytocin

2. ADH

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16
Q

Concerning Thyroid hormones:

A
  1. increase oxygen consumption and heat production
  2. iodine is necessary in the diet for hormones to be synthesized
  3. t4 can be converted to T3 in the tissues
  4. thyroglobulin contains thyroid hormones
17
Q

Hormones can cause

A
  1. decreased synthesis of a protein
  2. a change in the activity of proteins already present in the cell
  3. increased synthesis of proteins
18
Q

Increase cortisol decreases

A
  1. CRH secretion

2. ACTH secretion

19
Q

The target cells of tropic hormones are?

A

Endocrine gland cells

20
Q

What are the effects of a parathyroid hormone?

A
  1. increase calcium reabsorption in the kidney
  2. increases phosphate ion excretion
  3. stimulates activation of vitamin D in the kidneys
  4. increases blood calcium levels
21
Q

If the cell does not have a receptor for hormone…

A

it CANNOT not respond to the hormone

22
Q

What hormones bind to receptors inside the cell in the cytoplasm or nucleus and cause protein synthesis?

A

Lipid soluble hormones

23
Q

The posterior pituitary secretes…

A

ADH

24
Q

What develops as a downward growth of the hypothalamus?

A

The posterior pituitary

25
Q

What affects the growth hormones have?

A
  1. Causes insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) release from the liver
  2. increases protein synthesis
  3. Increases fatty acids in the blood
26
Q

Parathyroid hormones are more important than Calcitonin in controlling what?

A

Plasma calcium levels in a normal person

27
Q

What are the ductless glands?

A

Endocrine glands

28
Q

Which part of the pituitary gland develops as an upward projection of the pharynx and it’s tissue is glandular tissue?

A

Interior pituitary

29
Q

What is associated or part of the milk letdown reflex?

A
  1. suckling causes impulses to go to the hypothalamus
  2. oxytocin is released or secreted
  3. oxytocin causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells
  4. milk is ejected into the ducks of the breasts
30
Q

The hypophsiotropic hormones or releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus control the secretions of the _________________ pituitary.

A

anterior and posterior

** they reach it by traveling in the blood

31
Q

Target cells of tropic hormones are?

A

Endocrine gland cells

32
Q

Describe colloid…

A
  1. inside follicles of the thyroid gland

2. contains thyroglobulin (which contains thyroid hormones)

33
Q

Hypersecretion of adrenal androgens would cause

A

Masculine as a nation of a young child or masculinization of a woman of bearded lady

34
Q

What is associated with are likely to occur with the lack of iodine in a diet?

A
  1. goiter

2. high TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone or thyrotropin)

35
Q

Are there other second messengers besides cAMP?

A

YES

36
Q

What hormone has both a releasing and inhibiting hormone that controls its secretion?

A

Growth hormone

37
Q

What is secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. aldosterone
  2. cortisol
  3. sex hormones

PSL (7 decks)

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