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PSL > metabolism dq > Flashcards

metabolism dq Flashcards

1
Q

Increased blood glucose increases ______ secretion

A

insulin

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2
Q

Increased Insulin causes…

A
  • increased protein anabolism

- increased fat anabolism

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3
Q

Decreased insulin causes decreased ____

A

glucose utilization in fat and mm cells for energy

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4
Q

When glycogen is broken down (gycogenolysis) in liver, which is released from liver

A

glucose

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5
Q

All occur in untreated Type 1 diabetes

A
  • acidosis
  • increased ketone bodies
  • glucosuria
  • osmotic diuresis
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6
Q

Excess food molecules are stored as

A

fats

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7
Q

glucose levels in the blood must be maintained because ______ generally will not use other food molecules for fuel

A

nerve cells

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8
Q

Diabetes inspidus is a lock of

A

ADH

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9
Q

What describes synthesis reactions?

A

anabolism

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10
Q

What can happen in untreated, severe, Type 1 diabetes

A 
hyperglycemia
glucosuria
osmotic diuresis
increased ketone bodies
acidosis
death
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11
Q

In a normal person in the postabsorptive state, ____ is high and ____ is low

A

glucagon; insulin

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12
Q

Which hormone acts to decrease blood glucose levels

A

insulin

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13
Q

Decreased insulin causes events in what state?

A

postabsorptive

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14
Q

What has the opposite effect on blood glucose that insulin does

A
  • growth hormone

- cortisol

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15
Q

Glycogen is a storage molecule for

A

glucose

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16
Q

An increase in blood glucose causes an increase in ____ secretion
A decrease in blood glucose causes an increase in ____ secretion

A

insulin; glucagon

17
Q

increased insulin levels cause increased

A

glycogen synthesis

18
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

glucose synthesized from non carbohydrate molecule

19
Q

When large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules it is called….

A

catabolism

20
Q

During postabsorptive state, ____ is low and ____ is high in blood plasma

A

insulin, glucagon

21
Q

What causes an increase in blood glucose levels?

A

insulin

glucagon

22
Q

Decreased insulin causes decreased ____

A

glucose utilization in fat and mm cells for energy

23
Q

What describes synthesis reactions (in which bigger molecules are MADE from small ones)?

A

anabolism

24
Q

What occurs in more absorptive state?

A
  1. carbs enter the blood from the GI tract
  2. use of glucose for energy
  3. glucose is taken by liver & stored as glycogen
  4. excess food energy is stored as fat
  5. AA’s are used to synthesize proteins
  6. net anabolism
  7. protein synthesis
  8. glycogen synthesis
25
Q

What occurs in more post-absorptive state?

A
  1. liver releases glucose from glycogen or glycogenolysis occurs
  2. liver makes glucose from noncarbs or gluceneogenesis occurs
  3. cells other than nerve cells switch to utilization of fats for energy
  4. fats are broken down in fat tissue & fatty acids are released
  5. proteins become a major source of blood glucose
  6. net catabolism
  7. fat catabolism
  8. protein catabolism?
26
Q

What occurs equally in both an absorptive & post-absorptive state?

A
  1. blood glucose levels need to be maintained in a range of normal
27
Q

What occurs in neither an absorptive or postabsorptive state?

A
  1. cells do not need ATP
28
Q

Increased insulin causes events in what state?

A

Absorptive

29
Q

What occurs more with INCREASED plasma insulin?

A
  1. glycogen synthesis
  2. fat synthesis
  3. protein anabolism (synthesis)
  4. glucose uptake & use
  5. events in absorptive state
  6. no ketone synthesis
30
Q

What occurs more with DECREASED plasma insulin?

A
  1. glycogen catabolism
  2. events in post absorptive state
  3. glucose release from the liver
  4. glycogenolysis (glycogen catabolism)
  5. gluconeogenesis
  6. fatty acid use for energy
  7. ketone synthesis & release
31
Q

What is caused by INCREASED plasma insulin?

A
  1. decreased blood glucose
32
Q

What is caused by DECREASED plasma glucagon?

A
  1. increased blood glucose
  2. increased gluconeogenesis
  3. increased plasma ketones
  4. increased glycogenolysis
33
Q

epinephrine, cortisol, & growth hormone cause:

A
  1. increased blood glucose
  2. increased fat catabolism
  3. increased blood fatty acids
34
Q

Cortisol:

A

increased protein catabolism

35
Q

growth hormone

A

increased protein synthesis

PSL (7 decks)

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