Endocrine vs Nervous System Flashcards
What supply organs and tissues in distinct anatomically defined pathways, using electrical impulses to propagate as action potentials (changes in sodium and potassium permeability)?
Nerves
Which system utilises ENDOCRINE GLANDS to release HORMONES which are secreted into the BLOOD which acts as a TRAVEL MEDIUM to get to RECEPTORS?
The endocrine system
What system acts on a limited number of cells, has high speed transmission and point to point precision and uses APs?
The nervous system
Chemical agents and the synthesis and release of these agents are common features of what 2 systems?
Endocrine and Nervous
Endocrine = hormones, NS = NTs and adrenaline (hormone)
Endocrine targets distant locations, Nervous has more local actions
Does the nervous or endocrine system have more local actions?
NS
The NS works with the endocrine system to produce and release which 2 hormones?
Oxytocin
ADH
Name 3 structural differences between the SNS and PNS:
Where neurones come out of the spinal cord
(SNS = thoracic and lumbar, PNS = cranial and sacral/eat and poo)
NTs
(SNS = ACh and Nor, PNS = ACh only)
Length of pre and post ganglionic neurons
(SNS = short pre, long post, PNS = long pre, short post)
The zona reticularis, zona fasiculata and the zona glomerulosa are the 3 zones of which gland?
The Adrenal Gland/Cortex
The SNS activates the Adrenal Gland to release adrenaline (4) and noradrenaline (1). This is released into the blood stream which can cause stress. How lasting is this?
Long lasting
Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does A1 receptor do and where is it located?
A1 - peripheral vascular smooth muscle = vasoconstriction (look pale as blood goes to organs)
Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does A2 receptor do and where is it located?
A2 - presynaptic membrane = inhibits NT release
Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B1 receptor do and where is it located?
B1 - heart = increases contraction and HR
Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B2 receptor do and where is it located?
B2 - bronchial smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle = dilates bronchioles and vasodilates
Adrenaline/Nor can have differing effects depending on which type of receptor is stimulated.
What does B3 receptor do and where is it located?
B3 - adipose tissue = lipolysis (breaks down fats)
Does the endocrine or nervous system have a rapid response to stimuli?
Nervous.
Endocrine is slower
Which of the endocrine or nervous system’s speed is dependent on blood flow?
Endocrine
Does the distance between effector and vascular supply affect the speed of the endocrine or nervous system?
Endocrine
Nervous is often short distances
Does the nervous or endocrine have short lived effects of around 10ms?
Nervous
Endocrine lasts from hours to days
ACh acts on cholinergic receptors. Name the 2 of these:
Nictonic and Muscarinic
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline act on adrenergic receptors. Name these:
A1, A2, B1, B2 and B3
What hormone is released from the parathyroid gland to increase plasma calcium?
Parathyroid hormone
What hormone is released from the thyroid gland to decrease plasma calcium?
Calcitonin
What hormone is released from the adrenal cortex to increase sodium?
Aldosterone
Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the PPG and promotes the reabsorption of water?
ADH
