Endocrinology Flashcards by Rishi Das

Common Causes of hyperprolactinemia

1) Prolactinoma
2) Hypothyroid
3) Meds: Reglan, TCA

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Treatment of hyperprolactinemia ______, _______

Bromocriptine

Cabergoline (dopamine –|Prolactin)

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Most common cause of hyper-cortisol

Cushing syndrome (Pitutiary Adenoma), very rarely adrenal mass

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______ characterized by pronounced jaw enlargement, sweating. Diagnosed with _____

Acromegaly, IGF-1 levels

Tx: surgical resection, octreotide, cabergoline, pegvisomant (GH antagonist)

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Anosmia with hypogonadism______

Kallman syndrome, hypothalmic dysfunction

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____ is an IL-5 inhibitor used for asthma, in which there is history of eosiniphilia/atopy

mepolizumab, omalizumab (IgE binder)

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treatment of ABPA____ and ______

oral steroids, itraconazole

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How to distinguish COPD vs Asthma on PFT

DLCO increase in asthma, DLCO decreased in COPD

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backbone of asthma therapy _____, vs backbone of COPD____

steroids, muscarinic/b agonist (ipatropium)

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causes of bronchiectasis _____, ______

ABPA, Cystic Fibrosis, ILD

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Medications that may cause ILD _____, ____, ____

Amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, bacterim

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hyperuricemia is a common side effect of ______ TB therapy

pyrazinamide

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optic neuritis is a common side effect of ______ TB therapy

Ethambutol

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______ is a common side effect of isoniazid

peripheral neuropathy

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minimum duration of active TB therapy _____ months

6 months (isoniazid, Rifampin)

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Indication for Adjuvant chemo in breast cancer post resection____, ______

Lymph node involvement

Lesion>1cm

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Tamoxifen is a ______, therefore antagonizes estrogen receptor in breast, but is an agonist in the uterus/ovary

SERM

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_____ is a common side effect of Herceptin

Cardiotoxicity

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When to do prophylactic mastectomy for 1st degree BRCA mutation relatives for breast cancer____ age

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Colon Cancer Screening Rules

1) Normal _____, q10years for colonoscopy
2) Genetic Syndrome: Peutz-Jeger, FAP, Gardner, Juvenile Polyposis ______
3) First degree family history _____

45+

12+

25+

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Low Dose CT Screen Rules

Age 55+ , ____ pack-years low dose CT annually , within ____ years of quitting

30 pack-years

15 years

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When to do excisions lung biopsy for lesion greater than ______

1cm

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_____ diabetes drug may increase risk of heart failure

-glitazones

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A good add-on hypoglycemic after metformin_____

Study These Flashcards

Sitagliptin (DPP4)

______ help in weight loss, in contrast ____ causes weight gain

Exatenide/Liraglutide ; sulfonyureal

LDL goal for either CAD/Diabetes <100, if both aggressive LDL goal

ACE causes efferent ____

Dilation, reduction of intraglomerular hypertension

Pituitary adenomas can produced TSH (T/F)

True

Thyroid storm management _______

Steroids, Iodine pulse,propranolol, PTU

When is surgery indicated for hyperparathyroidism_____

Symptomatic disease (Calcium>12.4, renal insufficiency, osteoporosis, Age<50)

Hyperaparathyroidism is associated with _______

Men 1

Treatment if pitutiary lesion cannot be removed from Cushing ______

Somatostatin analogue (pasireotide), mifepristone

Ideal steroid for addisons crisis______

Hydrocort (mineralo, glucocorticoid activity)

First step in diagnosis of Addisons_____. This is followed by CT imaging

Cosyntropin stimulation (ACTH analogue)

Conns syndrome is also known as ______. Can be diagnosed with lab markers Renin______ Salt Loading resulting in ____ aldosterone

Hyperaldosteronism

For pheochromocytoma, best initial test_____ most accurate ____. This is associated with ____ genetic condition

urine/plasma metanephrine MIBG scan, CT/MRI Men 2

______ version of CAH causes both HTN and hirsuitism. ______ version causes only HTN HTN itself is caused by _____, which acts as a mineralocorticoid

11 hydroxylase, 17 hydroxylase 11 deoxycortisone

____, ____, ____ are famous for causing high prolactin ____ endocrin condition leads to high prolactin state Tx _____ or _____

TCA, -phenazines, Reglan (metoclopramide) Hypothyroidism (TRH --|Prolactin) Cabergoline/Bromocriptine (Dopamine --| Prolactin), cabergoline is better

_____ characterized by head enlargment, jaw enlargement, excess sweating. Best initial test_____ Tx: ____, cabergoline, pegvisomant

Acromegaly , IGF-1 ; GH is short acting, may try a glucose suppression test Octreotide (somatostatin suppresses GH)

pegvisomant is a ____ inhibitor, used to treat _____

growth hormone, acromegaly

_____ results in a female looking male without scrotum, penis or prostate

Androgen insensitivity

_____ results female without internal anatomy (cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes); sort of blank phenotype

Mullerian agenesis

PCOS results in increased _____, metabolic syndrome

DHEA (weak androgen: amenorrhea, acne), spironolactone can be used as an anti-androgen (famous side effect: gynecomastia)

A hypogonad, tall male is a clue to _______. Resulting in ___ FSH/LH

XXY (Klinefelter), High ; the testicles do not respond to LH/FSH so no testosterone produced

_____ is a tertiary level hypogonadism, low everything resulting in hypogonadism, famously associated with anosmia

Kallman Syndrome (ciliary cells did not migrate to the hypothalmus, low GNRH

ACE inhibitors ______ efferent arterioles, to reduce glomerular pressure

Decrease Diabetes ruins negative charge on the slits/podocytes, resulting in worsened nephropathy

Graves caused by aberrant Trab antibody that is like a decoy TSH, radio-iodine scan shows ____ uptake

increased, gland is working because it is being artificially stimulated

____ graves treatment is safe during pregnancy

PTU (Inhibits thyroid peroxidase); organification of T4/T3

Mechanism of exophthalmos in graves

mucopolysaccharide depositions, B stimulation of CN3 to raise the levator muscle

Difference between subacute and silent thyroiditis ________

both conditions of high T4, no painful gland for silent, subacute treated with aspirin Tertiary hyperthyroid from TSH from hyperpitutiary Exogenous thyroid hormone use will atrophy the thyroid gland

Most common type of thyroid cancer_____

Papillary thyroid cancer

When is sestamibi scan done for hyperparathyroid, the most common cause of hypercalcemia

To localize which gland/adenoma, only 20% cases are 4 gland hyperplasia, associated with MEN1 If lasix, hydration, calcitonin does not reduce calcium ---> steroids (for granulomatous disease etiology)

____ electrolyte is co-regulated with calcium, so low amounts can cause hypocalcemia

magnesium Other causes: PPI, fat malabsorption (Chronic pancreatitis)

For ectopic, adrenal source of cushing, ACTH is ______

Low

Medical treatment agent for cushing, mifepristone works by _____

cortisol receptor antagonist

Test for Addisons_____

Cosyntropin (ACTH) stim test

Conns syndrome characterized by ___ renin ___ aldosterone

Low, high ; may be characterized by polyuria given DI from hypokalemia

Androgen insensitive patients do not have ______

penis, scrotum, prostate

Klinfelter has ___ FSH/LH

High, testicles don't respond to FSH/LH, no testosterone produced

Endocrinology Flashcards

(59 cards)