Renal

Question 1

Risk of Oxalate Stones

1) _______
2) ______

Answer 1

IBD (malabsorption)

Ethylene Glycol

Question 2

_____ syndrome that affects kidney + lung, attacks basement membrane leaving linear deposits (collagen IV target). Treated with_______

Answer 2

Good pastures syndrome

Steroid, DMARD, plasmapheresis

c-ANCA disease

Question 3

_____ is a disease affecting sino-pulm + kidney, cough, otitis, sinusitis, C-ANCA disease

Answer 3

Wegners (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis)

Question 4

_____ vasculitis, associated with HepB. Can be diagnosed with sural nerve biopsy

Answer 4

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 5

______ causes painless hematuria among asians , proteinuria, elevated IgA

Answer 5

Berger’s disease (IgA Nephropathy)

Question 6

________ is a nephropathy primarily among children, causing purpura + joint pain

Answer 6

HSP

Question 7

PSGN characterized by perioribital edema, dark urine, and ____ complement

Answer 7

Low (C3, IgG nephron deposits)

Question 8

_____ associated with HepC, causes joint pain/purpuric lesion, ____ complement

Answer 8

Low (C4)

Treatment: steroids useless since IgM disease

Question 9

___ and ___ associated with FSGS

Answer 9

HIV, Heroin use

Question 10

Weakly acid fast, filamentous, gram (+) bacteria that can cause endocarditis_____, treated with _____

Answer 10

Nocardia , bacterim

Question 11

Branching, filamentous, anaerobe making yellow exudate following dental procedure______, treated with _____

Answer 11

Actinomyces, penicillin

Question 12

Wright/Hansel stain for eosinophils in the urine, eosinophilia, IgE level to test for _____

Answer 12

Interstitial nephritis

Question 13

Drugs causing interstitial nephritis

Answer 13

penicillins, sulfa, rifampin, phenytoin, allopurinol, cyclosporin

Question 14

Treatment of child with pyelonephritis ________

Answer 14

Gentamycin + Ampicillin, NOT Cipro/Levo, fluoroquinolone are age restricted , However there is an FDA indication to use them for children <18 years. Not exactly wrong.

Question 15

Age restriction for :

1) Nitrofurantoin______
2) Tetracycline______

Answer 15

Age 1

Age 7

Question 16

During minimal change disease you have ____ C3/C4

Answer 16

Normal ; proteinuria usually following an illness and self resolved

Question 17

Child age 2 - 8, presenting with limp and avascular necrosis of the femoral head _______

Answer 17

Legg Calve Perthes

Question 18

Child age 2 - 8, presenting with limp and avascular necrosis of the femoral head _______

Answer 18

Legg Calve Perthes

Tx: Surgery after age 6

Question 19

Adolescent who is heavy, limping, externally rotated leg (posterior displacement)______

Tx: _____

Answer 19

SCFE

Surgical pinning

Question 20

_____ disease effects medium vessels, characterized by Conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, oral erythema, swelling of hands/feet, cervical lymphadenitis, high ESR/CRP, massive thrombocytosis

Answer 20

Kawasaki Disease

Question 21

Treatment of Kawasaki Disease______, _____

Answer 21

IVIG, Aspirin, but NO steroids

Question 22

Prominent complication of Kawasaki disease

Answer 22

Coronary artery aneurysm

Question 23

A kid with Hyperactivity, constipation, growth delay suspicion for ______. Characterized by _____ on peripheral smear

Answer 23

Lead poisoning

Basophillic stippling, microcytic anemia

Question 24

Chelation for lead poisoning indicated if Lead>_____

Answer 24

45

Question 25

Drugs that may cause AIN: Penicillin, sulfa, ______ Urine stain for diagnosed____

Answer 25

phenytoin, rifampin, allopurinol, cyclosporine, NSAID Wright hansel: eosinophilia

Question 26

Treatment of good pasture's

Answer 26

Steroids, plasmapheresis, linear anti-glomerular deposition pattern

Question 27

_____ is a granuloma less disease, that causes lung/renal involvement

Answer 27

Microscopic polyangitis

Question 28

_____ is a lung sparing disease that can be diagnosed with a sural nerve biopsy

Answer 28

PAN neuropathy, weight loss, fever, GI bleed, purpura (global symptoms)

Question 29

Painless recurrent hematuria in asians, in the context of recent viral illness ______

Answer 29

Bergers disease (IgA nephropathy) For any kind of proteinuria, start ACE/ARB

Question 30

Treatment ladder for lupus nephritis Mild:_______ Severe:_______

Answer 30

Steroid | Steroid + Cyclophosphamide

Question 31

CN3 nerve palsy can be a sign of _____

Answer 31

PCA aneurysm , needs IR/neurosurgical embolization

Question 32

Drugs that can cause AIN_______ Stain to find eosinophils_____

Answer 32

Phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, quinolones Wright Hansell Tx: Supportive, only steroids if no response in 48 hours

Question 33

_____ electrolyte is low in rhabdomyalosis

Answer 33

Calcium Tx: Fluids, mannitol, alkalinization (acetazolamide)

Question 34

______ causes a constellation of kidney issues (Afferent constriction, AIN, direct papillary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome)

Answer 34

NSAIDS

Question 35

____ characterized by hemoptysis + G nephritis Dx_______ Tx______

Answer 35

Good Pastures Anti glomerular antibody, p-ANCA Plasmapharesis/steroids *best initial test for wegners = c-ANCA

Question 36

____ is a lung and kidney disease with no granuloma/eosinophilia, p-ANCA +

Answer 36

Microscopic Polyangitis

Question 37

Most accurate test for PAN______

Answer 37

Sural nerve biopsy

Question 38

Post viral, painless hematuria _____

Answer 38

IgA nephropathy, Tx: steroids, ACE/ARB Dx: Requires biopsy no serological test just clues: Normal complement, slightly elevated IgA

Question 39

Deafness + renal disease____

Answer 39

Alport syndrome

Question 40

HIV/Heroin use are associated with _______

Answer 40

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Question 41

Lymphoma associated with _____

Answer 41

Membranoproliferative nephritis

Question 42

Treatment of nephrotic syndromes ______

Answer 42

Steroids

Question 43

Drugs requiring dialysis with significant renal injury 1) Lithium 2) _____ 3) Aspirin

Answer 43

Ethylene glycol

Question 44

____ is an autosomal recessive tubule disorder resulting in hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis due to salt wasting since sodium/chloride cannot be re-absorbed in the tubules

Answer 44

Barters Syndrome (Secondary hyperaldosteronism) Gitelmann : Also get hypomagnesium, low urine calcium

Question 45

Causes of nephrogenic DI_____

Answer 45

Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Lithium *ddAVP only improved central DI (Head Injury)

Question 46

Drugs associated with SIADH______

Answer 46

SSRI, Sulfa, Carbamazepine

Question 47

___is a clue to aminoglycoside/amphoterecin induced renal injury

Answer 47

Magnesium

Question 48

___is a clue to aminoglycoside/amphoterecin induced renal injury

Answer 48

Magnesium

Question 49

Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis 1) Diarrhea 2) RTA *How to distinguish between diarrhea and RTA ________

Answer 49

Urine anion gap (sodium - chloride) negative number = normal, diarrhea positive number = abnormal , RTA

Question 50

Type 1 RTA is a disease of the _____ tubule. Failure of H+ excretion in the kidney leading to acidosis. Potassium will be _____ Urine pH is _____ Dx: ______ Tx:_____

Answer 50

Distal Low High Acid Challenge, no response Bicarb

Question 51

Type 2 RTA is a disease of the ____ tubule. Failure of bicarb re-absorption Potassium will be _____ Urine pH is _____ Tx:

Answer 51

Proximal Low Varies: Low over time, but after bicarb challenge increases Dx: Bicarb challenge Thiazide, high dose bicarb

Question 52

Which RTA has risk of kidney stones______

Answer 52

Type 1, cannot excrete H+ which means urine pH is high, which allows for stones

Question 53

The only RTA with high serum potassium ________

Answer 53

Type 4 (Hypoaldosteronism)

Question 54

The only RTA with high serum potassium ________

Answer 54

Type 4 (Hypoaldosteronism)

Question 55

When to start 2 BP meds in an outpatient _____

Answer 55

SBP>160