Endocrinology

Question 1

Name 4 symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 1

1. Fatigue
2. Weight gain
3. Heavy periods
4. Cold intolerance

Question 2

Name 5 signs of hypothyroidism

Answer 2

1. Lethargic appearance
2. Dry skin and hair
3. Outer eyebrows lost
4. Bradycardia
5. Goitre

Question 3

Name 2 clinical tests which indicate primary hypothyroidism

Answer 3

1. Low fT4

2. High TSH

Question 4

Name 2 clinical tests which indicate primary hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

1. High fT4

2. Low TSH

Question 5

Name 4 symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 5

1. Fatigue
2. Weight loss
3. Light periods
4. Heat intolerance

Question 6

Name 5 signs of hyperthyroidism

Answer 6

1. Tremor
2. Pressure of speech
3. Goitre
4. Tachycardia
5. Warm sweating palms

Question 7

Name 3 possible treatments for Grave’s disease

Answer 7

1. Carbimazole
2. Radioactive iodine therapy
3. Surgery

Question 8

What is Grave’s disease?

Answer 8

Immune system disorder resulting in the overproduction of thyroid hormone, which may cause hyperthyroidism

Question 9

Describe 3 symptoms of thyroid cancer

Answer 9

1. Thyroid nodule
2. Fast growing goitre
3. Hoarseness

Question 10

What is the most common cause of thyroid cancer?

Answer 10

Cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 11

Where is the pituitary located?

Answer 11

The base of the brain

Question 12

Name 2 hormones the posterior pituitary secretes

Answer 12

1. ADH

2. Oxytocin

Question 13

Name 6 hormones the anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 13

1. FSH
2. LH
3. GH
4. TSH
5. ACTH
6. Prolactin

Question 14

Name 3 signs and symptoms related to tumours of the pituitary gland

Answer 14

1. Local pressure effects from mass
2. Hormone hypersecretion
3. Hormone deficiencies

Question 15

Name 3 functioning issues with tumours of the pituitary gland

Answer 15

1. Prolactinoma
2. Acromegaly
3. Cushing’s Disease

Question 16

Name 3 symptoms of acromegaly

Answer 16

1. Headache
2. Sweating
3. Loss peripheral vision

Question 17

Name 5 signs of acromegaly

Answer 17

1. Prognathism
2. Separation of teeth
3. Coarse facial features
4. Hands / feet
5. Doughy skin

Question 18

How is acromegaly tested?

Answer 18

Oral glucose tolerance test

Question 19

Name 2 treatments of acromegaly

Answer 19

1. Surgical

2. Somatostatin analogues

Question 20

What is prognathism?

Answer 20

Forward protrusion of the lower jaw

Question 21

What is the treatment for prognathism?

Answer 21

Surgical

Question 22

Describe 3 symptoms of Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 22

1. Weight gain
2. Muscle weakness
3. Amenorrhea

Question 23

Name 4 signs of Cushing’s Syndrome

Answer 23

1. Skin
2. Proximal myopathy
3. Striae
4. Cervical fat pad

Question 24

Name 2 components of adrenal glands

Answer 24

1. Cortex

2. Medulla

Question 25

Name 3 hormones secreted by the cortex of the adrenal glands

Answer 25

1. Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone) 2. Mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) 3. Androgens (DHEAS)

Question 26

Name 3 hormones secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands

Answer 26

1. Adrenaline 2. Noradrenaline 3. Dopamine

Question 27

Name 3 symptoms of phaeochromocytoma

Answer 27

1. Headache 2. Palpitations 3. Sweating (HSP)

Question 28

Name 3 signs of phaeochromocytoma

Answer 28

1. Family history (men x2 more likely) 2. Hypertension may be intermittent 3. May be pale, clammy and tachycardiac

Question 29

What is phaeochromocytoma?

Answer 29

Tumour originating in cells of the adrenal gland causing overproduction of certain hormones

Question 30

Describe the oral presentation of phaeochromocytoma

Answer 30

Neuromas tongue and around the mouth

Question 31

Describe the history of a person with Addison's disease

Answer 31

- Weight loss - Postural dizziness - Neuroglycopaenia

Question 32

Describe 2 examinations undertaken for Addison's disease

Answer 32

1. Low BP with postural drop | 2. Pigmentation

Question 33

Name 2 common treatments for Addison's disease

Answer 33

1. Hydrocortisone 15mg mane, 5mg 6pm | 2. Fludrocortisone