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Systemic Disease in Dentistry > Oral Manifestations (2) > Flashcards

Oral Manifestations (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe 3 brackets of haematological conditions

A
  1. White blood cell disorders
  2. Red blood cell disorders
  3. Platelet disorders
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2
Q

Name 2 types of white blood cell disorders

A
  1. Decreased production and function of WBC

2. Neoplasms

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3
Q

Name 2 types of red blood cell disorders

A
  1. Polycythaemia

2. Anaemia

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4
Q

Name a type of platelet disorders

A

Thrombocytopaenia

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5
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Reduced number of white blood cells

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6
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Absolute reduction in circulating neutrophils

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7
Q

Describe cyclic neutropenia

A
  • Rare
  • May be inherited or spontaneous
  • Episodes of reduced neutrophil production
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8
Q

Describe 5 symptoms of cyclic neutropenia

A
  1. Fever
  2. Malaise
  3. Cervical lymphadenopathy
  4. Infections
  5. Oral ulceration
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9
Q

Name 2 types of white blood cell neoplasms

A
  1. Leukaemia

2. Lymphoma

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10
Q

Name 4 types of leukaemia

A
  1. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
  2. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
  3. Acute myeloid leukaemia
  4. Chronic myeloid leukaemia
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11
Q

Name 2 types of lymphoma

A
  1. Hodgkin lymphoma

2. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

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12
Q

Describe leukaemia

A
  • Malignant neoplasms of haemopoietic stem cells
  • Aetiology linked to radiation, chemotherapy and viral issues
  • Uncommon (1/10,000)
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13
Q

Describe 5 symptoms of leukaemia

A
  1. Gingival enlargement
  2. Bleeding
  3. Petechial
  4. Oral ulceration
  5. Lymphadenopathy
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14
Q

Describe lymphomas

A
  • Neoplastic transformations of normal B and T cells in lymphoid tissue
  • More common than leukaemia
  • Painless rubbery lymph node enlargement
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15
Q

Describe the constitutional symptoms of lymphoma

A
  • Headache
  • Pain
  • Dyspnoea
  • Malaise
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16
Q

Describe non-constitutional symptoms of lymphoma

A
  • Lymph node enlargement
  • Soft tissue swellings
  • Radiolucency
  • Alveolar bone loss and swelling
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17
Q

What is anaemia?

A

When haemoglobin level is below normally accepted range

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18
Q

Describe 2 common symptoms of anaemia

A
  1. Fatigue

2. Shortness of breath on exertion

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19
Q

Name 5 types of anaemia

A
  1. Pernicious
  2. Aplastic
  3. Thalassaemia
  4. Megaloblastic
  5. iron deficiency
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20
Q

Describe the diagnosis of anaemia

A

Diagnosed on mean cell volume into:
Normocytic anaemia
Macrocytic anaemia
Microcytic anaemia

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21
Q

Describe 4 oral symptoms of anaemia

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Mucosal pallor
  2. Atrophic glossitis
  3. Candidiasis
  4. Recurrent oral ulceration
22
Q

What is thrombocytopaenia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduced platelet numbers, can either be primary (immune thrombocytopaenia) or secondary (e.g destruction of platelets in kidney)

23
Q

Name 4 characteristic symptoms of thrombocytopaenia

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Epistaxis
  2. Gingival bleeding
  3. Skin manifestations
  4. Excessive bleeding following surgery
24
Q

Name 6 oral signs of renal disease

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Dry mouth
  3. Halitosis (smells of nitrogen)
  4. Amyloidosis
  5. Dysguesia (distored taste)
  6. Uremic stomatitis
25
Describe uremic stomatitis
- Rare - Found in undiagnosed or untreated chronic renal failure - Painful plaques
26
What is lichen planus?
- Chronic inflammatory autoimmune mucocutaneous disease - Affects stratified squamous epithelium - Lesions on palate, FOM and upper lip uncommon
27
Describe the demographics of lichen planus
- Affects 1-2% population - Mainly 5th-6th decade - 2F:1M - Oral disease lifelong - 1-3% risk of malignant transformation
28
Describe reticular lichen planus
- Most common - White network of overlapping and connecting lines, papules or plaques - Rarely symptomatic - 10% gingival involvement
29
Describe erosive lichen planus
- Ulceration within areas of atrophy or hyperkeratosis | - Variable degrees of soreness
30
Describe atrophic lichen planus
- Erythematous lesions - Desquamative gingivitis - Most common type of gingival lichen planus
31
Name 2 important sub-endothelial vesiculobullous disorders
1. Erythema Multiforme
32
Name an important intra-endothelial vesiculobullous disorder
Pemphigus
33
Describe erythema multiforme
- Immune mediated mucocutaneous condition - Acute, self-limiting and recurrent - Uncommon (<1%) - Young adults in 20-30 age group
34
Describe the symptoms of erythema multiforme
- Lips which swell, bleed, crack and crust - Irregular superficial ulceration - Target lesions
35
Describe mucous membrane pemphigoid
- Immune mediated sub-epithelial blistering disease - Full thickness epithelium blister forms painful erosions - Uncommon (mainly older women)
36
Describe the oral mucosa found in a person suffering from mucous membrane pemphigoid
- Blisters (rupture, irregular, inflammatory halo) - Extensive desquamative gingivitis - Affects: Gingiva > Palate > Buccal mucosa > Tongue - Bleeding, pain, dysphagia - Scarring is rare
37
Describe 4 ways mucous membrane pemphigoid affects the ocular region
1. Conjunctiva 2. Entropion with trichiasis 3. Blindness 4. Symplepharon
38
Describe pemphigus vulgaris
- Potentially life-threatening chronic autoimmune disease - Characterised by intra-epithelial blistering of stratified squamous epithelium - Most common but also most aggressive
39
Describe 5 clinical features of pemphigus vulgaris
1. Fragile bullae (rupture, ill-defined erosions and ulcers) 2. Gingival, buccal and palatal lesions 3. Superficial and painful 4. Slow to heal 5. No scarring
40
Describe Behcets disease
- Chronic, relapsing multisystem inflammatory disease - Unknown aetiology - Prevalent along the ancient "Silk Route"
41
Describe 5 clinical manifestations of Bahcet's disease
1. Mucocutanous lesions 2. Ocular 3. GI 4. Pulmonary 5. Neurological
42
Describe rheumatoid arthritis
- Chronic system autoimmune disorder - Affects around 1% of population - Age of onset 30-50 years - Causes symmetrical polyarthritis
43
Describe 5 oral manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis
1. Xerostomia 2. Ulceration 3. Glossitis 4. Angular cheilitis 5. TMJ involvement (pain, tenderness, swelling)
44
Describe systemic lupus erythematosus
- Multi-system autoimmune disorder - 2nd-5th decade - 10F:M - Afro-Caribbean - Type III hypersensitivity reaction
45
Describe 5 common signs of SLE
1. Musculoskeletal signs 2. Hair loss 3. Oral involvement 4. Renal disease 5. Sun induced skin rashes
46
Describe 6 oral manifestations of SLE
1. Maculopapular rash 2. Desquamative gingivitis 3. Oral ulceration 4. Glossitis 5. Angular cheilitis 6. Trigeminal neuropathy
47
Describe scleroderma
- Chronic autoimmune disorder - 3rd-5th decade - 4F:M
48
Describe the pathogenesis of scleroderma
- Overactive fibroblasts - Increased deposition of collagen - May be localised, limited diffuse (CREST) or diffuse
49
Describe orofacial features of scleroderma
- Wide eyed appearance - Smooth, taut, mask-like facies - Facial asymmetry - PDL widening - Thinning of lips
50
Describe Sjogren's Syndrome
- Chronic systemic autoimmune disorder involving damage to exocrine glands - Primary or secondary forms (RA, SLE and Scleroderma)
51
Describe 6 symptoms of Sjogren's Syndrome
1. Xerostomia 2. Xerophthalmia 3. Soreness of oral mucosa 4. Dysphagia 5. Fatigue 6. Fractures / Carious teeth

Systemic Disease in Dentistry (22 decks)

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