ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS (PART I) Flashcards by Love Dog

The knowledge of the different endodontic instruments is very
important in performing any endodontic procedure. It is as important as coming up with a correct ________.

diagnosis

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CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS BASED ON FUNCTION

(A, E, W, D, C, O)

 Access cavity preparation instruments

 Exploring endodontic instruments

 Instruments for working length determination

 Debriding endodontic instruments

 Cleaning and shaping endo instruments

 Obturating Endo instruments

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Locate the canal orifice

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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Determine the patency of the canal

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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Example are Endodontic ____ and Pathfinder like the smooth broaches & K files): if the canals are too large, use #10, #15

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

(explorers)

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Pulp extirpation and removal of foreign objects

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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Examples are the barb broaches

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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Examples are reamers and files

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS

Clean and shape the root canals _____ and apically

laterally

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Cement and pack of gutta percha into the root canal

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

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Examples are _________, spreaders and pluggers

A. EXPLORING INSTRUMENTS
B. DEBRIDING INSTRUMENTS
C. CLEANING AND SHAPING INSTRUMENTS
D. OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS

(Lentulo Spiral)

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Instruments used for access cavity preparation are?

ACCESS BURS

GATES GLIDDEN DRILLS

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ACCESS BURS no.

2,4 and 6 diamond or carbide burs

Long tapered fissure

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T / f

GATES GLIDDEN DRILLS are Inserted into a low-speed handpiece

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Use To open orifices

 Its revolution is controlled

GATES GLIDDEN DRILLS

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Materials used to locate the canal orifice and determine patency of root canal

 Access cavity preparation instruments
 Exploring endodontic instruments
 Instruments for working length determination
 Debriding endodontic instruments
 Cleaning and shaping endo instruments
 Obturating Endo instruments

EXPLORING ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS

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T/f

ENDODONTIC EXPLORER

 Just like a normal explorer in basic instruments, but the
difference is that it has a long, pointed head on one end.

(ENDODONTIC EXPLORER
 Just like a normal explorer in basic instruments, but the
difference is that it has a long, pointed head on BOTH ends)

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Like a barbed broach without the teeth/rasps; smooth along its
shaft

SMOOTH BROACHES (PATHFINDER)

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10 K files can also be used as a Pathfinder

T/f

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T/f

ENDODONTIC SPOON EXCAVATOR is an example of DEBRIDING ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENT

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Has teeth or rasps

o The one that will remove the pulp tissue

BARBED BROACH

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Like the spoon excavators in resto, but has longer head

ENDODONTIC SPOON EXCAVATOR

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ENDODONTIC SPOON EXCAVATOR

Comes in different sizes:

o Bigger sizes used in ____ teeth
o Smaller sizes for excavating smaller ____

younger

anteriors

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Used to excavate the coronal pulp tissue

o To remove pulp tissues & debris in the pulp chamber

ENDODONTIC SPOON EXCAVATOR

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Check for patency of the root canal, Checks if you are able to get the straight line access  Access cavity preparation instruments  Exploring endodontic instruments  Instruments for working length determination  Debriding endodontic instruments  Cleaning and shaping endo instruments  Obturating Endo instruments

INSTRUMENTS FOR WORKING LENGTH DETERMINATION

T/f Rubber stoppers should always be with the K files (#10 or #15)

T/f #10 OR 15 K FILES WITH RUBBER STOPPERS

Device that would help us also in determining the working length

ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATOR

Tip of its locator attaches the K files (#10 or #15) and gives a signal if you’re working on the correct working length, if you’ve exceeded or up too short

ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATOR

useful for penetrating and enlarging root canals

K-type instruments

K for ____ manufacturing (first mass productions)

Kerry

K files Made of:

 Carbon steel (originally)  Stainless steel  Niti (Nickel Titanium)

K files Modification

K file, Flex R file

K files Cutting action:

filling

Tighter spirals and more flexible and better cutting than reamers

K files

T/f Reamers o Similar to K files in overall design but they have fewer cutting flutes

More appropriate for twisting motion A. Reamers B. K files C. H-type instruments

Less frequently used today A. Reamers B. K files C. H-type instruments

fragile and fracture easily A. Reamers B. K files C. Hedstrom files

Better cutting efficiency – attributed to its more positive rake angle and to its blade whichh has a cutting rather than a scraping angle A. Reamers B. K files C. Hedstrom files

Rotational working movement is strongly discouraged (possibility of fracture) A. Reamers B. K files C. Hedstrom files

Employ only one direction, retraction and never in a torquing action A. Reamers B. K files C. Hedstrom files

Traditionally made from a square blank A. K FILE B. K REAMER

Traditionally made from a triangular blank A. K FILE B. K REAMER

T/f reamers and files differ only in the number of flutes along their blade

T/f files are manufactured from blanks twisted to produce loose flutes

F (files are manufactured from blanks twisted to produce TIGHTER flutes)

T/f reamers are manufactured with looser flutes

“Clinically files and remears are recommended to be used in a _____, rotation, and _____ motion

penetration retaraction

Machined from a round blank to produce spiral flutes.

HEDSTROEM FILE

T/f LOW SPEED STAINLESS ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENT WITH LATCH TYPE ATTACHMENT Gates-Glidden drills and Peeso reamers – made of stainless steel

GG/Peeso Reamers are used with an electric slow-speed handpiece in a rotational speed range of ____ rpm

800-1200 rpm

Has a long thin shaft ending in a flame shaped head with a safe tip to guard against perforations

Gates-Glidden Drill

Typically used to entrance coronal canal areas. Can dramatically reduce radicular wall thickness when misused

Gates-Glidden Drill

used to : 1. Remove the LINGUAL shoulder during access preparation of the anterior teeth 2. Enlarge root canal orifices

Gates-Glidden Drill

T/f Peeso reamers  Has long, sharp flutes conncected to a thick shaft

Typically used in root canal preparation either for coronal flaring or during post prep.

Peeso reamers

Ultrasonic units generates ultrasonic waves. These are:

Piezoelectric unit Magnetostrictive unit

are better in that they are more powerful and generate lesser heat A. Piezoelectric unit B. Magnetostrictive unit

Are attached to existing air and water lines

Sonic handpieces

Sonic handpieces Operate at ____ kHz when used inside root canals

2-3

T/f Adjunct to the x-ray; we can always just use the x-ray to determine the working length

T/f FINGER RULER  Handy; can just be placed on the finger

Includes holder for unused files o Has ____ holes where you can just punch in your file with the stopper and you can get whatever measurement you want

ENDOBLOCS

CLEANING AND SHAPING ENDO INSTRUMENTS

REAMERS FILES

To pack gutta percha onto the canal walls A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

More of a lateral condensation A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

Done once the root canal sealers and gutta percha have been placed A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) Condensed ___ if the gutta percha needs more condensation

laterally

To condense gutta percha in the orifice A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

 Used for vertical condensation - Done once the gutta percha has been cut A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

 To apply root canal sealer into the canal walls  Before you place the gutta percha inside (master cone) inside, you have to place the sealers with the ____ A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

Need to have glass slab to mix the sealers together with the cement spatula; mixing (paper) pads can also be used  You also need to have the master cone with the gutta percha  During obturation, you have to cut the gutta percha o Using the alcohol torch to heat your instrument (an old amalgam plugger) and cut the gutta percha o There are now instruments that are electronic; when plugged in, can heat up and can cut the gutta percha A. SPREADERS (HAND / FINGER) B. ENDO PLUGGERS/CONDENSER C. LENTULO SPIRALS D. ROOT CANAL SEALER AND GUTTA PERCHA POINTS

GROUP I: Hand- operated endodontic instruments

1. Barbed broaches and rasps 2. K-type remears and files 3. Headstream files (B, K,H)

GROUP II: Low speed stainless steel endodontic instruments with latch type attachment

1. Gates-Gliddn drills 2. Peeso reamers (G, P)

GROUP IV: Engine driven nickel-titanium endodontic instruments (most commonly used)

1. Rotary instrumentation 2. Reciprocating instrumentation 3. Canal adaptive instrumentation (a) Self-adjusting file (SAF) (b) XP endo shaper and finisher

Used for the extirpation of the entire pulp and for the removal of necrotic debris, absorbent points, cotton pledgets, and other foreign materials from the root canal A. Barbed broaches B. . K-type remears and files C. Headstream files

If fits loosely into the apical third of the root canal — ideal  If very fit: its tip will get stuck in the apical area  If very loose: will not remove the entire pulp tissue  To determine the right size: o From the x-ray made prior to the operation, so we can estimate o You can also check the tooth with the pulp chamber if it is a very big one or a tiny one; we just really have to estimate A. Barbed broaches B. . K-type remears and files C. Headstream files

Rotary Endodontic Instrumentation  ____% nickel and ____% titanium (NiTi)  Can be employed in a truly rotary or ____ revolution within a curved root canal

55, 45 360

Rotary Endodontic Instrumentation ______ does not exhibit proportional strain under stress until a specific level is attained that ultimately causes fracture

Superelastic alloy

Rotary Endodontic Instrumentation ______ exhibits shapes memory, (the ability to return to its original shape once the stress is removed)

Nitinol

Unique property due to austenitic crystal line structure of the alloy.

Rotary Endodontic Instrumentation

Function at unequal biderectional angles

Reciprocating instrumentation

Reciprocating instrumentation ___ clockwise motion would be followed by a 30 counter clockwise motion (after three counterclockwise and clockwise cutting cycles, the file will have rotated 360 or one complete circle)

150

Improperly used, these files can caused inadvertent extrusioon of periapical debris causing increased postoperative pain

Reciprocating instrumentation

T/f Both WaveOne and Reciproc Blue do not use water, since it is only for shaping

conserve radicular dentin by emphasizing more on cleaning that canal rather than just enlarging the canal.

Canal adaptive instrumentation

3 dimensional adjusting instruments engine driven NiTi

Self adjusting file (SAF)

Self adjusting file (SAF) ____ hollow device designed as a thin walled NiTi lattice with a lightly abrasive surface

Cylindrical

T/f Self adjusting file (SAF) Attached to a vibrating handpiece with a continous irrigation

 Made of proprietary alloy  T he file has an ability to change its shape according to the temperature

XP endo shaper and finisher

INSTRUMENTS ACCORDING TO TYPE OF MATERIAL

 CARBON STEEL – susceptible to corrosion  STAINLESS STEEL – mostly used  NICKEL TITANIUM – mostly used

T/f Stainless steel and nickel titanium root canal instruments have been replaced carbon steel instruments because: o Less flexible and are therefore less likely to fracrture when strained(deformed) o Less susceptible to corrosion usually caused by contact with sodium hypochloride solution

F Stainless steel and nickel titanium root canal instruments have been replaced carbon steel instruments because: o MORE flexible and are therefore less likely to fracrture when strained(deformed) o Less susceptible to corrosion usually caused by contact with sodium hypochloride solution

PARTS OF A FILE / REAMER

 Handle  Measuring stopper or rubber stopper  Shaft (with cutting blade)

SPECIFIC POINTS ALONG THE SHAFT D0 D1 D16

 D0 – diameter at the tip , in hundredths of millimeters  D1 – diameter at 1 mm from the tip  D16, diameter in hundreths of millimeters at the end of the cutting blade 16 mm from D0

____mm instruments for molars especially when the patient cannot open the mouth wide

T/f 21 mm and 25 mm long instruments are ordinarillly used

___ mm, ___mm instruments are necessary for cuspids and other teeth in which a 25 mm instrument cannot reach the apical foramen

28 31

Denotes the per millimeter increase in file diameter from the tip toward the file handle. o It is denoted either in numericals or in percentile.

Taper

Standard taper for K files: 0.02 ( ___%)

T/f The taper of the instrument from D0 to D16 is in increments of 0.02 mm in width/mm of length  An increase in diameter of 0.02 mm, increase the length of the file

Degrees for Tip Angle

 75 degrees +/-15 degrees

TIP DESIGn  Function to enlarge canal and guide file through the canal  Resemble a _____  Cutting, non cutting or partially cutting  To guide the file through the canal and enlarge the canal  Original stainless steel rc instruments usually possess a sharp, cutting tip

pyramid

ENDODONTIC INSTRUMENTS (PART I) Flashcards

(102 cards)