Endoparasiticides

Question 1

what is naturally occurring and can be used to control endoparasites

Answer 1

nematophagous fungi

Question 2

what is on a label for an anthelminthic

Answer 2

approved host
proven efficacy
recommended dosage
withdrawal times

Question 3

who is legally allowed to use medications in an extra-label way

Answer 3

only licensed veterinarians

Question 4

in what species is an extra-label drug most commonly used

Answer 4

goats

Question 5

what are reasons for choosing an extra-label drug

Answer 5

no labeled drug exists
data supports the application/use

Question 6

when is an extra-label drug often used in cats and dogs

Answer 6

treatment of all uncommon parasites

Question 7

what are ways anthelmintics can be toxic

Answer 7

direct toxicity
indirect toxicity
sequelae to treatment

Question 8

what is direct toxicity

Answer 8

toxicity due to the drug levels itself

Question 9

what is indirect toxicity

Answer 9

idiosyncratic reactions - unpredicatble

Question 10

what are some risks with using anthelmintics as treatment

Answer 10

ascarid impaction
pulmonary thromboembolism

Question 11

what is used to kill internal parasites

Answer 11

endoparasiticide

Question 12

what is used to kill external parasites

Answer 12

ectoparasiticide

Question 13

what is used to kill both internal and external parasites

Answer 13

endectocide

Question 14

what is the main endectocide drug used

Answer 14

avermectin / milbemycin

Question 15

define therapeutic

Answer 15

treatment; to treat current infection

Question 16

define prophylactic

Answer 16

prevention; treat to prevent
routine, regular use of anthelmintic

Question 17

define strategic in use of anthelmintics

Answer 17

control; treat at strategically timed intervals to provide optimal control

Question 18

what does PRN mean

Answer 18

give as needed

Question 19

what are the 3 main groups of anthelmintics

Answer 19

benzimidazoles
avermectin / milbemycin
membrane depolarizers

Question 20

how would you tell if a drug was in the benzimidazole group

Answer 20

it ends in -azole….

albendazole
fenbendazole
oxibendazole

*febantel is the only odd one!

Question 21

when might a toxicity with a benzimidazole occur

Answer 21

administration at elevated doses over multiple days

Question 22

true or false:
benzimidazoles can not be given orally

Answer 22

false
benzimidazoles can ONLY be given ORALLY

Question 23

true or false:
benzimidazoles kill all nematodes

Answer 23

true

Question 24

true or false:
benzimidazoles have a narrow-spectrum of efficiacy

Answer 24

false
they are very broad

Question 25

what should be a concern with using benzimidazoles for a long period of time

Answer 25

drug resistance is becoming a problem

Question 26

what cestode is killed using a benzimidazole

Answer 26

tapeworm in ruminants

Question 27

what fluke is killed using benzimidazole in ruminants

Answer 27

liver flukes

Question 28

what protozoa can be killed using benzimidazole

Answer 28

giardia

Question 29

what are avermectin and milbemycins derived from

Answer 29

naturally occurring antibiotic-like compounds

Question 30

true or false: avermectin / milbemycins have no effect on nematodes and arthropod parasites

Answer 30

false they are broad-spectrum against most nematode and arthropod parasites

Question 31

what is the concern with avermectin acting on the GABA receptor

Answer 31

toxicity in mammals by action on GABA-gated ion channels in mammalian CNS can lead to death

Question 32

which drug is the biggest concern when it comes to avermectin toxicity

Answer 32

ivermectin

Question 33

what is the issue with collies and ivermectin

Answer 33

deletion mutuation in Pgp gene allows drug to cross the blood brain barrier

Question 34

because of genetic collie issues, what can be used instead of ivermectin

Answer 34

moxidectin

Question 35

what is the purpose of using a membrane depolarizing drug on worms

Answer 35

spastic paralysis

Question 36

which membrane depolarizer can be used as an extra-label treatment for ML-resistant heartworm

Answer 36

imidazothiazoles

Question 37

what drugs are in the tetrahydropyrimidines

Answer 37

pyrantel morantel

Question 38

which anthelmintic is highly toxic and only used in ruminants

Answer 38

levamisole

Question 39

what is tetrahydropyrimidines used on

Answer 39

nematodes

Question 40

which broad spectrum nematocide is only a topical cat drug

Answer 40

emodepside

Question 41

what is the main use of emodepside

Answer 41

TOC for MDR hookworms

Question 42

what drug has excellent efficacy against adult and larval cestodes to take care of tapeworms

Answer 42

praziquantel

Question 43

what is the main use of praziquantel in small animals

Answer 43

flukes