Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eukaryotic Cell Biology > Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus > Flashcards

Endoplasmic Reticulum & Golgi Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the internal space of the ER called?

A

The ER lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two parts of the ER, and why are they called such?

A

Rough ER - Flattened sheets with ribosomes bound to the outer surface.
Smooth ER - Tubular structure with no ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four functions of the smooth ER?

A
  1. Lipid biosynthesis
  2. Carbohydrate metabolism
  3. Calcium storage
  4. Detoxification of drugs and poisons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three functions of the rough ER?

A
  1. Protein biosynthesis
  2. Protein folding and modification
  3. Removal of incorrectly folded proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three main components of a membrane and where are they made?

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Glycolipids
    All are made in the smooth ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of cholesterol?

A

Important in maintaining membrane structure, and acts to reduce membrane permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscles allows for contraction and relaxation by moving calcium in/out of the smooth ER. What happens to the calcium ions during muscle contraction?

A

Calcium ions released from the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscles allows for contraction and relaxation by moving calcium in/out of the smooth ER. What happens to the calcium ions during muscle relaxation?

A

Calcium ion intake into the ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What enzymes are found in the smooth ER of liver hepatocytes that detoxify chemicals by adding hydroxyl groups?

A

Cytochrome P450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does protein synthesis occur in the rough ER?

A

Ribosomal sub-units located along the ER and mRNA in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ER is a major protein folding site. What two types of molecules in the ER lumen help in the folding and release of the proteins?

A

Chaperone proteins and folding enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of protein is binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)?

A

A chaperone protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Around half of the proteins processed in the ER are glycoproteins. 90% of these undergo what process in the ER lumen?

A

N-linked glycosylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is N-linked glycosylation?

A

The addition of a pre-formed precursor oligosaccharide (14 sugars) onto the NH2 side-chain of asparagine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control (ERQC) efficient or inefficient?

A

Very inefficient - more than 80% of proteins never achieve their fully folded state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The accumulation of unfolded, misfolded, or damaged proteins can lead to what in the ER lumen?

A

ER stress

17
Q

How is ER stress dealt with?

A

Through protein degradation

18
Q

What are transport vesicles?

A

Membrane enclosed transport containers that move cargo between compartments

19
Q

What is the function of the Golgi?

A

To complete the processing of proteins and lipids received from the ER - packages and transports molecules to their destinations

20
Q

The Golgi is made up of flattened, stacked pouches of membranes called what?

A

Cisternae

21
Q

What are the three components of the Golgi?

A

The cis-face, the medial stack, and the trans-face

22
Q

Various sections of the Golgi apparatus process oligosaccharides differently. What is the function of the Golgi Medial Stack?

A

Modification

23
Q

Various sections of the Golgi apparatus process oligosaccharides differently. What is the function of the cis-Golgi Network?

A

Sorting

24
Q

Various sections of the Golgi apparatus process oligosaccharides differently. What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?

A

Distribution

25
Q

Binding immunoglobulin proteins (BiPs), bind to newly synthesised peptide chains and in an ATP dependant matter, mediate what?

A

Protein folding

26
Q

The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi, Lysozomes and transport vesicles form what system?

A

The endomembrane system

27
Q

What is the primary protein structure?

A

A chain of amino acids

28
Q

What is the secondary protein structure?

A

Folding of peptide chains

29
Q

What is the tertiary protein structure?

A

3D folding with side chain interactions

30
Q

What is the quaternary protein structure?

A

Multiple peptide chains interacting

31
Q

Why are proteins glycosylated within the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

It allows the aggregation of peptides into a quaternary structure

32
Q

What are the four tasks BiPs are able to complete?

A
  1. Bind to polypeptide chains
  2. Detect incorrectly folded proteins
  3. Drive unidirectional translocation
  4. Prevent incorrectly folded proteins from leaving the ER
33
Q

The process of internalising materials into the cell is known as what?

A

Endocytosis

34
Q

The process of secreting materials outwards from the Endoplasmic Reticulum is known as what?

A

Exocytosis

35
Q

What transport vesicle coating is required for the endosomal movement of cargo into the cell?

A

Clathrin

36
Q

Transport vesicles are containers used to move cargo between different compartments of the cell. What are the three main types of coating that are used on transport vesicles?

A

COPII
COPI
Clathrin

37
Q

What transport vesicle coating is required for the movement of molecules from the ER to the Golgi?

A

COPII

38
Q

What transport vesicle coating is required for the movement of molecules from the Golgi back to the ER by the retrieval pathway?

A

COPI

Eukaryotic Cell Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions