Endoscopy

Question 1

Whats cheirourgia?

Answer 1

cheir= hand & ergon= work - surgery

Question 2

What are the struggles of surgery?

Answer 2

bleeding, pain, infection and death

Question 3

What are three factors that surgery contain?

Answer 3

Science, handicraft and art

Question 4

Whats the problem of pre-modern phase surgery contain?

Answer 4

-lack of anatomical knowledge

Question 5

What caused surgery to develop?

Answer 5

Wars

Question 6

What are features of modern surgery?

Answer 6

• easy accessibility to information
• evidence based learning
• use of science efficiently (Ct, MRI)
• high degree of specialization

Question 7

What is an endoscopy used for?

Answer 7

To look at body cavities for visual evidence

Question 8

What type of endoscopes are there?

Answer 8

rigid and flexible

Question 9

True or false- endoscopy doesnt need anethesia

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Where can you insert an endoscope?

Answer 10

mouth, anus or incision

Question 11

What are 4 figures who played a role in the creation of an endoscope?

Answer 11

• hippocrates
• phillip bozini
• Adolf kussmaul
• Rudolph schnidler

Question 12

What is the role of hippocrates on the endoscope?

Answer 12

400 BC- anus via speclum

Question 13

What is the role of Philip bozzini on the endoscope?

Answer 13

1800- first endoscope for urethra, bladder and vagina

Question 14

What is the role of Adolf kussmaul on the endoscope?

Answer 14

1800- first gastroscopy

Question 15

What is the role of rudolph schnidler on the endoscope?

Answer 15

1900- made a gastroscope

Question 16

Whats a laparoscope?

Answer 16

endoscope that needs abdomen to be filled with CO2- used for dissection

Question 17

What is the best thing of laparoscopic surgery?

Answer 17

• small incision
• reduce: infection, blood loss + post op pain
• improved cosmetic
• return home quicker

Question 18

True or false- robot surgery means robots do it

Answer 18

false- humans control robot

Question 19

When was first robot surgery prototype?

Answer 19

1980 - US army

Question 20

What are 4 figures who played a role in the discovery of blood transfusion?

Answer 20

• pope innocent the 7th
• richard lower
• james blundell
• karl landsteiner

Question 21

What is the role of pope innocent the 7th on blood transfusion?

Answer 21

1300- drank blood

Question 22

What is the role of richard lower on blood transfusion?

Answer 22

1500- animal + human blood transfusion

Question 23

What is the role of james blundell the 7th on blood transfusion?

Answer 23

1800- human - human

Question 24

What is the role of karl landsteiner the 7th on blood transfusion?

Answer 24

1900- found blood groups

Question 25

What is the barrier of organ transplantation?

Answer 25

death

Question 26

What was the first transplant?

Answer 26

Teeth- they used shells in S.A then teeth caused syphillis though in france.

Question 27

Where was the skin transplant first?

Answer 27

India- rhinoplasty- then rejected due to social status- then adapted by tagliacozzi (italy)

Question 28

What was the transplants of 1800 on animal?

Answer 28

Corneal

Question 29

What was the transplants of 1800 on humans?

Answer 29

Skin- which wasnt successful. Doctors didnt care.

Question 30

When was the first kidney transplant?

Answer 30

1900- between twins

Question 31

True or false- there were more organ transplants within 1900 but not heart

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Who made the first heart transplant?

Answer 32

1967- christian barnard

Question 33

True or false- 2016 was first kidney surgery in dubai

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or false- First operation was the skull prolithic and neolithic

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What evidence was there of aztecs?

Answer 35

Splinters- broken legs + wood can be added

Question 36

Why was blood letting popular?

Answer 36

believed it cured inflamation, stroke etc

Question 37

True or false- to be a doctor in mesopotamia you needed to know 6000 demons

Answer 37

true!

Question 38

Did mesopotamia develop surgical technique?

Answer 38

scalpel and knives made

Question 39

Did mesopotamia have a code of ethics?

Answer 39

yes in code of hammurabi

Question 40

What did egypts have in their end of surgery?

Answer 40

manuals- Eber papyrus, edwin smith papyrus and smith papyrus

Question 41

What did eber papyrus had?

Answer 41

treaties on medicine, disease and surgical treatments of crocodile bites

Question 42

What did edwin smith papyrus had?

Answer 42

manual for traumatic surgery + 48 case histories

Question 43

What did smith papyrus had?

Answer 43

treatment for repairing broken nose and sutures to close wounds- infections treated with honey

Question 44

Who made plastic surgery?

Answer 44

Sashruta - practiced in north india

Question 45

What did sashruta write?

Answer 45

Sushruta Samhita- describes examination, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis of ailments and procedures of plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery and rhinoplasty

Question 46

What did hippocrate introduce to surgery?

Answer 46

Hygiene- cleaning hand, short nails and tell between tumors

Question 47

What did hippocrate say against surgery?

Answer 47

surgery= death hasty

Question 48

What did Galen use for surgery?

Answer 48

ligature

Question 49

What is Chinese advancement to surgery?

Answer 49

Use bronze tools

Question 50

Who was the first chinese surgeon to use anesthetic?

Answer 50

Hua Toa- 140 BC

Question 51

Who in chinese history made a transplant before them all?

Answer 51

Bian que (even used anesthetic)

Question 52

What did medieval contribute to surgery?

Answer 52

barbers did it- leeches were used so blood isnt lost. Physicians usually worked in universities.

Question 53

Who introduced antiseptic in 1800?

Answer 53

Ignaz semmelweis (hand washing)

Question 54

What did joseph lister do?

Answer 54

looked at pasteur work- Pasteur said 3 methods to eliminate microorganisms responsible for gangrene: 1. Filtration 2. Exposure to heat 3. Exposure to chemical substances So he went with 3rd and used carboxylic acid