Endotracheal Tubes

Question 0

What are the different types of material that endotracheal tubes are made out of

Answer 0

Red rubber, PVC, silicone

Question 1

Why do we use an endotracheal tube

Answer 1

Protecting in maintaining a patient airway helps minimize anesthetic risk

Question 2

What are some different types of endotracheal tubes

Answer 2

Murphy, McGill, Cole

Question 3

What is the purpose of endotracheal tube

Answer 3

Deliver anesthetic gas from breathing circuit to trachea and into patient’s lungs. To keep an open airway when in a critical condition

Question 4

Describe the patient and of a endotracheal tube

Answer 4

The slanted end of tube that’s passed through the mouth and into the trachea

Question 5

Describe the machine or circuit end of the tube

Answer 5

That end up or truths from the mouth and connects to the breathing circuit

Question 6

Describe some general qualities of red rubber endotracheal tubes

Answer 6

Common, flexible, may collapse, difficult to detect occlusions due too solid colors, may absorb disinfectant solutions, short longevity.

Question 7

Give some general characteristics of PVC tubes

Answer 7

Transparent, stiffer, higher risk of tissue trauma, less porous, has a radio opaque line

Question 8

Describe some general qualities of silicone rubber tube

Answer 8

Expensive, strong and pliable, less irritating, resistant to cleaning

Question 9

What are two special types of endotracheal tubes

Answer 9

Metal coiled tubes, fire resistant metal tubes

Question 10

What is a stylet

Answer 10

Guides and facilitates insertion of small or flexible endotracheal tubes into the trachea

Question 11

Describe the difference between the Murphy and McGill endotracheal tube

Answer 11

The Murphy has an eye

Question 12

Describe the cole endotracheal tube

Answer 12

Short, uncuffed, for very small patients

Question 13

Describe the sizing of tubes

Answer 13

French scale system. Pick three sizes of tube, one that will fit perfectly one that is one size larger, one that is one size smaller

Question 14

How do you select the correct size of tube

Answer 14

Through gentle palpation of trachea, widest tube that will fit comfortably past larynx and into trachea without excessive force

Question 15

What happens if you have increased mechanical dead space

Answer 15

You have decreased ventilation

Question 16

How do you tell the length of an ET tube

Answer 16

Tip of nose to the thoracic inlet

Question 17

What happens if the endotracheal tube goes beyond the thoracic Inlet

Answer 17

Risk of ventilation of only one lung.

Question 18

What are the advantages of using cuffed endotracheal tubes

Answer 18

Decreased risk of aspiration, prevents leak of waste gas, prevents inspiration of room air

Question 19

What are the disadvantages of cuffed tubes

Answer 19

Damage to trick your wall, compression of endotracheal tube lumen

Question 20

Why is it important to attach the endotracheal tube properly to the patient

Answer 20

To prevent movement of the tube which can cause trauma to the trachea

Question 21

How do you check the cuff prior to intubation

Answer 21

Fill it up with air and leave it for five minutes

Question 22

What are some important points to remember about endotracheal tubes

Answer 22

Endotracheal tubes should be lubricated to avoid trauma to the trachea, never move or turn the patient while the endotracheal tube is connected to anesthesia machine, do not over inflate a cuff, deflate the cuff before extubating

Question 23

How do you clean endotracheal tubes

Answer 23

So can mild soap detergent, scrub insides with a brush, and fleet cough slightly to clean fold, rinse well, air dry

Question 24

How do you disinfect endotracheal tubes

Answer 24

Chlorhexidine, Excel, glutaraldehyde which is unstable

Question 25

Which tubes can you autoclave

Answer 25

Silicone tube

Question 26

Describe some general characteristics of endotracheal tubes

Answer 26

Allows control of airway, oxygen and inhalant delivered closer to lungs, lower oxygen flow required, allows for positive pressure ventilation if apnea, decreases anatomical dead space, prevent aspiration

Question 27

Describe some general characteristics of facemasks

Answer 27

Relies on patient to maintain respiratory rate, uptake of oxygen and inhalant depends on patient respiration, higher oxygen flow required, cannot assist with ventilation

Question 28

What is a laryngoscope used for

Answer 28

Increases visibility of pharynx larynx and the tracheal opening.

Question 29

What are the five components of the laryngoscope

Answer 29

Handle, Blade, slip groove, light source, light pipe

Question 30

What is a Macintosh blade

Answer 30

A curved laryngoscope Blade

Question 31

What is a miller blade

Answer 31

A Straight laryngoscope Blade

Question 32

How do you maintain and clean laryngoscope's

Answer 32

Gently scrub blade in soapy H2O, Renton clean top water. Disinfect handle with alcohol.

Question 33

What do you check if the unit fails to light or flickers

Answer 33

Check the lamp, batteries, replace parts

Question 34

What are hair clippers used for

Answer 34

Used for hair removal. Surgical prep, around wounds, aesthetic procedures. Either electric or battery operated. Interchangeable blades.

Question 35

How do you shave an open wound with the clipper

Answer 35

Put lube in the wound and shave around it

Question 36

How do you hold the razor

Answer 36

With a pencil grip.

Question 37

How do you know how much to shave for surgical prep

Answer 37

Minimum 10 cm in all directions from planned incision

Question 38

How do you care in maintaining the clipper

Answer 38

Apply lubricating oil to blades and brush off organic material

Question 39

What does the electrosurgery unit get used for

Answer 39

Uses high-frequency electric current to cut or coagulate tissue in a controlled manner

Question 40

Describe the components of an electro surgery unit

Answer 40

Electrode, electrosurgical unit, ground plate, footpad

Question 41

What happens when the footpedal of the electrosurgery unit is pressed

Answer 41

Current runs through the active electrode then runs through the tissue being incised through the patient into the ground plate. The ground plate brings the current from the patient back to the generator. A complete circuit is needed for the current to flow

Question 42

Describe the active electrode in the electrosurgery unit

Answer 42

In contact with a very small area of the patient. High current density at that point. Maximizes the effects on the tissue.

Question 43

Describe the ground electrode in the electrosurgery unit

Answer 43

In contact with a large area of patient. Low current density. Minimizes damage to tissues which are not in surgical site

Question 44

What are some safety concerns with the electrosurgery unit

Answer 44

Risk of Burns to patient, current leakage

Question 45

What are the advantages of the electrosurgery unit

Answer 45

Reduced blood loss, reduced foreign material, ease of hemostasis, reduced surgical time, small cutting element

Question 46

What are some disadvantages of the electrosurgery unit

Answer 46

Greater tissue damage, reduced resistance to infection, can burn patient, fire and explosion hazard

Question 47

How do you care and maintain the electrosurgery unit

Answer 47

White electrodes with alcohol moistened gauze pad while operating, sterilize electrodes. Clean the unit with mild soap or water