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The Anesthetic Machine Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two types of anesthetic systems

A

Bain and circle

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2
Q

List some components of the anesthetic machine

A

Compressed carrier gas supply, oxygen flow meter and anesthetic vaporizer, breathing circuit, scavenging system

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3
Q

Describe the oxygen flow meter and anaesthetic vaporizer

A

Flowmeter allows oxygen carrier gas to flow at a rate of liters per minute. The oxygen gas picks up gas and anesthetic from the vaporizer.

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4
Q

Describe the breathing circuit

A

Conveys carrier gases and inhalant anesthetic to the patient and removes exhaled carbon dioxide.

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5
Q

What are the two types of breathing circuits

A

Re-breathing circuits a non-rebreathing circuits

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6
Q

Describe the gas scavenging system

A

Disposes of excess and waste anesthetic gases

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7
Q

What are the two types of anesthetic vaporizers

A

Percision and non Percision vaporizers

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8
Q

How much oxygen does a healthy conscious animal receive in the air

A

21%

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9
Q

How much oxygen does an animal received in the anesthetic system

A

Up to 100%

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10
Q

Why is the oxygen percentage so high in the anesthetic system

A

Due to the fact that anesthetized patients have a decrease respiratory rate and tidal volume which causes a risk of hypoxia with normal air.

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11
Q

Describe the compressed gas cylinders

A

Contain a large volume of courier gases in the highly pressurized compressed state.

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12
Q

What are the two types of compressed gas cylinders

A

The E cylinder and the K cylinder

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13
Q

Describe the E cylinder

A

Small and directly attached to a machine by the yoke

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14
Q

Describe the K cylinder

A

Large and freestanding. Connected to the machine via the gas line

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15
Q

What is the function of the anesthetic machine

A

To deliver oxygen and volatile anesthetic gas to and from patient and to deliver oxygen gas to critical patients. The carrier gas oxygen transport vaporized anesthetic gas to patient at a controlled flow rate.

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16
Q

What happens if a cylinder is dropped

A

It will cause it to fly at a high velocity in the opposite direction of released gas.

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17
Q

How do you calculate the liters of oxygen by the psi for the E cylinder

A

Times by .3

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18
Q

How do you calculate the liters of oxygen by the psi

A

Times by 3.1

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19
Q

When should oxygen tanks be changed

A

When pressure drops below 100 or 200 psi

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20
Q

When should Oxymed be called

A

When pressure drops below 500

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21
Q

Describe the pressure reducing valve

A

Reduces the pressure of the gas to a constant and safe operating pressure of 40 to 50 psi

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22
Q

What is the flowmeter

A

Dial attached to a graduated glass cylinder and a moving indicator that indicates gas flow rate in liters per minute

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23
Q

How do you read the ball indicator in the flowmeter

A

At the center of the ball

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24
Q

How do you read the rotor indicator in a flowmeter

A

At the top of the rotor

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25
What happens if the flowmeters opened
Allows oxygen gas to flow through the machine if the dial is open and sets the gas flow in liters per minute
26
What does the flowmeter reduce oxygen pressure to
15 psi
27
What is the oxygen flush valve used for
Used to rapidly deliver a large volume of pure oxygen gas. Delivers oxygen gas directly into the circuit on bypasses oxygen flow meter and anesthetic vaporizer
28
What is the uses for the oxygen flush valve
Rapidly delivers oxygen to critically ill patient. Rapidly fills depleted reservoir bag. Dilutes anesthetic gas remaining in the circuit
29
What is the vaporizer used for
Convert liquid anesthetic to vapor anesthetic
30
How do you know when to refill the vaporizer
If over half of the anesthetic has evaporated
31
What is a Percision vaporizer
Delivers exact concentrations of anesthetic.
32
What are some components to the circle rebreathing system
``` Fresh gas inlet, Unidirectional valve, pop off valve, reservoir bag, carbon dioxide absorber, pressure manometer, breathing tubes ```
33
What is the fresh gas inlet
The point at which the carrier gas on the anesthetic gas enter the system
34
How is the fresh gas inlet connected to the circle system
By the vaporizer outlet port
35
What is a Uni directional valve
Located inside a clear housing that allows the anesthetist to observe the action of the valves. Can be used to monitor respiratory rate
36
What happens when a patient enhales in the Uni directional valve
Inspiratory Uni directional valve will open to allow passage of fresh gas to the patient
37
What happens to the Uni directional valve when the patient exhales
Carbon dioxide and anesthetic gas is released from the bloodstream and exhaled.
38
What is the use of the pop off valve
Allows excess gas to exit the system and enter the scavenger. Prevents build up of excessive pressure within the circuit
39
What position should the pop off valve always been when connected to the animal
Open
40
Describe the reservoir bag
Rubber bag that gradually inflates as gases enter the circuit or patient exhales. Deflates one patient inhales.
41
What are some uses of the reservoir bag
Flexible storage reservoir. Respiratory monitoring tool . Aids in confirming proper ET tube placement, allows delivery of oxygen and anesthetic gases to patient
42
Why is bagging beneficial
Helps reinflate collapsed alveoli. can normalize respiratory rate
43
How do you calculate which of reservoir bag you need
Minimum of 60 mL per kilogram
44
What happens if your reservoir bag is too small
Reservoir may not be large enough for patient to breathe easily. May over inflate during expiration increasing the pressure in the patient's airways
45
What is the optimum size for reservoir bug
Three quarters full at peak inspiration
46
What is the use of the carbon dioxide absorber
Absorb carbon dioxide
47
How do you know when you need to change the carbon dioxide absorbing soda lime
The pH indicator causes granules to change color when saturated
48
After how many hours of use is it recommended to change soda lime granules
14 to 18 hours of use
49
What is the function of the pressure manometer
Indicates the pressure of gases within the breathing system
50
What is the negative pressure relief valve used for
Admits room air into the breathing circuit if negative pressure is detected
51
What are the breathing tubes used for
Carries anesthetic gas to and from the patient
52
What are the three types of breathing systems
``` Total rebreathing (closed) Partial rebreathing (semi closed) Non rebreathing ```
53
Describe the total rebreathing system
Closed Pop off valve All gasses are recirculated Slow turnover of gases Only for animals over 7-10kg
54
What are three concerns with total rebreathing
Co2 accumulation Difficult to exhale O2 depletion
55
Describe a semi closed system
Pop off left open All exhale gases escape to scavenger, requires high oxygen flow rate. For animals less than 10kg
56
Describe the brain system
Tubing allows incoming gases to be warmed by the surrounding exhaled gases. Lighter and less cumbersome system. No CO2 canister
57
Describe the induction flowrate
High oxygen flow rate to saturate circuit with carrier gas and static
58
Describe maintence flowrate
Oxygen flow rate reduced
59
Describe the recovery flow rate
Hi oxygen flow rate
60
What is the unit for waste anesthetic gas concentration
Ppm
61
What are the two categories of health hazards induced by long-term effects of anesthetic gas
Short-term problems and long-term problems
62
What are some short-term problems of anesthetic gas
Fatigue, headache, drowsiness, depression, irritability
63
What are some long-term effects of anesthetic gas
Reproductive disorders, liver and kidney damage, bone marrow abnormalities
64
What is the list of gas toxicity in order
Isoflurane Sevoflurane Halotane Methoxyflurane
65
What are two types of scavenging systems
Active system | Passive system
66
What does the active system do
Suction created by vacuum pump draws gas in the scavenger
67
Describe passive systems
Positive pressure of gas in the machine pushes gas in the scavenger
68
What is a risk in active and passive scavenging systems
Obstruction
69
What are the two types of leak test
High pressure leak test at 50 psi | low pressure leak test at 15 psi
70
Why do you do a high pressure leak test
To check for leaks between gas tanks and flowmeters
71
Why do you do low-pressure leak test
To test for leaks from anesthetic machine to breathing circuit
72
How do you do a high-pressure system leak test
Turn the tank on. Note tank pressure reading. Turn tank off. Recheck tank pressure gauge one hour later
73
Describe doing a low-pressure system leak test
Close pop off valve and occlude patient port. Set flowmeter to 2 L per minute. Turn off flowmeter when bag fully inflated
74
When is a high pressure leak test done
Every week
75
When is a low pressure leak test done
Every time machine is assembled for you
76
What are seven ways to minimize gas release
Minimize use of anesthetic chambers. Avoid using masks to induce or maintain anesthesia. Used cuffed eT tubes for adequate size when possible. Ensure reservoir bag is synchronized with patients respiration. Avoid turning vaporizer and flowmeter on until machine is connected to ET tube. Do not release contents of reservoir bike into room area. Leave patient attached until extubation to allow expired gasses to enter the scavenging system

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