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ENDTERM Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

refers to the fidelity with which anatomic structure being examined is imaged on the radiograph.

A

Radiographic Quality

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2
Q

faithfully reproduces structure and tissues

A

High - quality radiograph

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3
Q

Important characteristics of radiographic quality are

A

spatial resolution
contrast resolution
noise
artifacts

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4
Q

Ability to image 2 separate objects & visually distinguish one from the other

A

Resolution

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5
Q

Ability to image small objects that have high contrast

A

Spatial resolution

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6
Q

Examples of objects with high contrast

A

Bone-soft tissue interference
Breast calcification
Calcified long nodule

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7
Q

What factors improve spatial resolution

A

Decreasing of:
screen blur
Motion blur
Geometric blur

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8
Q

ability to distinguish anatomic structures of similar subject contrast

A

Contrast resolution

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9
Q

Degree of density difference between two areas on a radiograph

A

Contrast resolution

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10
Q

What diagnostic imaging has better contrast resolution than CT scan

A

MRI

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11
Q

random fluctuation in the Optical density of the image

A

Noise

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12
Q

results in a better radiographic image because it improves contrast resolution

A

Lower noise

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13
Q

4 components of noise

A

Film graininess
Structure mottle
Quantum mottle
Scatter radiation

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14
Q

refers to the distribution in size and space of silver halide grains in the emulsion.

A

Film graininess

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15
Q

similar to film graininess but refers to the phosphor of the radiographic intensifying screen.

A

Structure mottle

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16
Q

under the control of the radiologic technologist and is a principal contributor to radiographic noise in many radiographic imaging procedures.

A

Quantum mottle

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17
Q

refers to the random nature by which x-rays interact with the image receptor.

A

Quantum mottle

18
Q

What reduces quantum mottle

A

High mAs
Low kVp
Slower image receptors

19
Q

Fast image receptors have…

A

High noise
Low spatial resolution
Low contrast resolution

20
Q

High spatial resolution and high contrast resolution require…

A

Low noise and slow image receptors

21
Q

Connected with resolution and noise

A

Speed/ Relative speed

22
Q

Interrelated characteristics of radiographic quality

A

Resolution
Noise
speed

23
Q

Graphic relationship between optical density and radiation exposure

A

Characteristic Curve

24
Q

Measurements used to describe the relationship between OD and radiation exposure.

A

H & D curve (Hurter & Driffield)
Sensitometric curve
D log E curve

25
Portions of characteristic curve
Base plus fog Toe Straightline portion Shoulder Maximum density (Dmax)
26
density at no exposure, or the density that is inherent in the film.
Base plus fog (b+f)
27
Range of radiographic film base density
OD= 0.05 - 0.10
28
What usually add OD 0.05 - 0.10 in fog density
Processing the film
29
Total b+f is seldom below
OD 0.10 but not exceeding OD 0.22
30
portion between the toe and shoulder
Straightline portion
31
range of diagnostic densities varies from
< of OD 0.25–0.50 > of OD 2.0–3.0
32
maximum density the film is capable of recording.
Dmax
33
highest point on the D log E curve
Dmax
34
Apparatus for Characteristic curve
Sensitometer Densitometer
35
device used to measure optical density
Densitometer
36
Both apparatus for characteristic curve are calibrated...
Annually
37
Other term for sensitometer
Optical step wedge
38
principal measurements in sensitometry
Film exposure Light percentage transmitted through processed film
39
amount of overall blackness produced on the image after processing
Optical density / Density
40
radiograph must have sufficient ______ to visualize the anatomic structures of interest
density
41
Insufficient density leads to
Too light radiograph
42
Excessive density leads to
Too dark radiograph Inability to visualize anatomic part