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FIAPIA > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Most important consideration in selecting screen film

A

Spectral matching

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2
Q

Type of screen that emits blue & blue violet light

A

Calcium Tungstate screen

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3
Q

Elements that emit ultraviolet, blue, green and red and their examples

A

Rare-earth elements
Gadolinium
Lanthanum
Yttrium

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4
Q

What light does the silver halide do not respond to unless spectrally sensitized with dyes

A

Green, yellow, red

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5
Q

What light does the silver halide film respond to

A

Violet
Blue

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6
Q

Types of film that is green sensitive

A

Orthochromatic film

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7
Q

Type of film that is sensitive to the entire light spectrum

A

Panchromatic film

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8
Q

Type of film sensitive to one color of light

A

Monochromatic film

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9
Q

Type of filter in safelight that is used for blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

A

Amber filter
550nm wavelength

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10
Q

Type of filter in safelight that is used for green and blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

A

Red filter
600 nm wavelength

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11
Q

Film humidity

A

40-60%

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12
Q

> 60% humidity causes_

A

Increase fog

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13
Q

<40% film humidity causes_

A

Static artifacts

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14
Q

2 Types of processing tanks

A

Master tank
Insert tanks

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15
Q

Tank that serves as water jacket and holds insert tanks

A

Master tank

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16
Q

Removable container for individual processing solutions; spaced in master tanks

A

Insert tanks

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17
Q

Term applied to chemical reaction transforming latent image to manifest image

A

Film processing

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18
Q

Order of film processing

A

Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

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19
Q

Wetting agent

A

Water

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20
Q

It penetrates the gelatin of emulsion causing it to swell

A

Wetting

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21
Q

Primary function of this process is to convert latent image to visible image

A

Development

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22
Q

Other term for visible image

A

Manifest image

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23
Q

Principle action of developer:

A

Change silver ions of exposed crystals to metallic silver

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24
Q

Developer components and their chemicals

A

Developing agent- Phenidone/ Metol & hydroquinone
Activator- Sodium carbonate
Restrainer- Potassium bromide
Preservative- sodium silfite
Hardener - glutaraldehyde
Sequestering agent - chelates
Solvent - Water

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25
Reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly
Phenidone/metol
26
Reducing agent; produces black tones slowly
Hydroquinone
27
Helps swell gelatin
Sodium carbonate
28
Other functions of sodium carbonate
Produces alkalinity Controls pH
29
Antifog agent
Potassium Bromide
30
Other functions of Potassium bromide
Protects unexposed crystals from chemical attack
31
Controls oxidation
Sodium sulfite
32
Other functions of sodium sulfite
Maintain balance among developer components
33
Controls emulsion swelling
Glutaraldehyde
34
What does gulatraldehyde enhances
Archival quality
35
Removes metallic impurities
chelates
36
Other functions of chelates
Stabilize developing agent
37
Dissolves chemicals for use.
Water
38
Developer alkali components/buffering agents
Sodium carbonate Sodium hydroxide: or lye strongest alkali
39
It has the purpose to enhance the action of the developing agent and controlling the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH)
Buffering agent
40
Developing stage where it neutralizes positive ion
Reduction
41
reaction that produces electron
Oxidation
42
reduction and oxidation work simultaneously.
Redox reaction
43
EUROPE mnemonics of developing stage
Electrons used reduction Oxidation produces electrons
44
Process where film is treated to prevent fade; fixing the image with archival quality
Fixing
45
Refers to permanence of radiograph
Archival quality
46
Fixer components and chemicals
Activator- acetic acid Fixing- ammonium thiosulfate Hardener- potassium alum Preservative- sodium sulfite Buffering- acetate Sequestering agent- boric acid/salts Solvent- water
47
Neutralize developer and stop its action
Acetic acid
48
removes undeveloped silver bromine from the emulsion.
Ammonium thiosulfate
49
stiffens and shrinks emulsion
Potassium alum
50
Maintains chemical balance
Sodium Sulfite
51
Maintains proper pH
Acetate
52
Remove aluminum ions
Boric Acids/salts
53
Process that wash away any residual chemicals remaining in the emulsion
Washing
54
Temperature maintain by wash water
3°C (5°F)
55
Undesirable retention of fixer emulsion
Hypo retention
56
slowly oxidizes and causes the image to discolor to brown over a long time.
Excess hypo
57
Inadequate washing leads to
Hypo retention
58
What color is hypo retention
brown
59
also serves to stabilize developer temperature
Wash bath
60
Final step of film processing
Drying
61
Duration of drying in manual and automatic processing
Manual- more than 1 hour Automatic 90s
62
What is the cause of processing faults leading to damp film
Depletion of glutaraldehyde (hardener)
63
principle components of automatic processor
Transport system temperature system circulation system replenishment system dryer system
64
transports film to various stages at precise intervals
transport system
65
where film to be processed is inserted into the processor
feed film tray
66
grips film to begin its trip to he processor
entrance roller

FIAPIA (3 decks)

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