MIDTERM

Question 1

Most important consideration in selecting screen film

Answer 1

Spectral matching

Question 2

Type of screen that emits blue & blue violet light

Answer 2

Calcium Tungstate screen

Question 3

Elements that emit ultraviolet, blue, green and red and their examples

Answer 3

Rare-earth elements
Gadolinium
Lanthanum
Yttrium

Question 4

What light does the silver halide do not respond to unless spectrally sensitized with dyes

Answer 4

Green, yellow, red

Question 5

What light does the silver halide film respond to

Answer 5

Violet
Blue

Question 6

Types of film that is green sensitive

Answer 6

Orthochromatic film

Question 7

Type of film that is sensitive to the entire light spectrum

Answer 7

Panchromatic film

Question 8

Type of film sensitive to one color of light

Answer 8

Monochromatic film

Question 9

Type of filter in safelight that is used for blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

Answer 9

Amber filter
550nm wavelength

Question 10

Type of filter in safelight that is used for green and blue sensitive film and its wwavelength

Answer 10

Red filter
600 nm wavelength

Question 11

Film humidity

Answer 11

40-60%

Question 12

> 60% humidity causes_

Answer 12

Increase fog

Question 13

<40% film humidity causes_

Answer 13

Static artifacts

Question 14

2 Types of processing tanks

Answer 14

Master tank
Insert tanks

Question 15

Tank that serves as water jacket and holds insert tanks

Answer 15

Master tank

Question 16

Removable container for individual processing solutions; spaced in master tanks

Answer 16

Insert tanks

Question 17

Term applied to chemical reaction transforming latent image to manifest image

Answer 17

Film processing

Question 18

Order of film processing

Answer 18

Development
Rinsing
Fixing
Washing
Drying

Question 19

Wetting agent

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

It penetrates the gelatin of emulsion causing it to swell

Answer 20

Wetting

Question 21

Primary function of this process is to convert latent image to visible image

Answer 21

Development

Question 22

Other term for visible image

Answer 22

Manifest image

Question 23

Principle action of developer:

Answer 23

Change silver ions of exposed crystals to metallic silver

Question 24

Developer components and their chemicals

Answer 24

Developing agent- Phenidone/ Metol & hydroquinone
Activator- Sodium carbonate
Restrainer- Potassium bromide
Preservative- sodium silfite
Hardener - glutaraldehyde
Sequestering agent - chelates
Solvent - Water

Question 25

Reducing agent; produces shades of gray rapidly

Answer 25

Phenidone/metol

Question 26

Reducing agent; produces black tones slowly

Answer 26

Hydroquinone

Question 27

Helps swell gelatin

Answer 27

Sodium carbonate

Question 28

Other functions of sodium carbonate

Answer 28

Produces alkalinity Controls pH

Question 29

Antifog agent

Answer 29

Potassium Bromide

Question 30

Other functions of Potassium bromide

Answer 30

Protects unexposed crystals from chemical attack

Question 31

Controls oxidation

Answer 31

Sodium sulfite

Question 32

Other functions of sodium sulfite

Answer 32

Maintain balance among developer components

Question 33

Controls emulsion swelling

Answer 33

Glutaraldehyde

Question 34

What does gulatraldehyde enhances

Answer 34

Archival quality

Question 35

Removes metallic impurities

Answer 35

chelates

Question 36

Other functions of chelates

Answer 36

Stabilize developing agent

Question 37

Dissolves chemicals for use.

Answer 37

Water

Question 38

Developer alkali components/buffering agents

Answer 38

Sodium carbonate Sodium hydroxide: or lye strongest alkali

Question 39

It has the purpose to enhance the action of the developing agent and controlling the concentration of hydrogen ions (pH)

Answer 39

Buffering agent

Question 40

Developing stage where it neutralizes positive ion

Answer 40

Reduction

Question 41

reaction that produces electron

Answer 41

Oxidation

Question 42

reduction and oxidation work simultaneously.

Answer 42

Redox reaction

Question 43

EUROPE mnemonics of developing stage

Answer 43

Electrons used reduction Oxidation produces electrons

Question 44

Process where film is treated to prevent fade; fixing the image with archival quality

Answer 44

Fixing

Question 45

Refers to permanence of radiograph

Answer 45

Archival quality

Question 46

Fixer components and chemicals

Answer 46

Activator- acetic acid Fixing- ammonium thiosulfate Hardener- potassium alum Preservative- sodium sulfite Buffering- acetate Sequestering agent- boric acid/salts Solvent- water

Question 47

Neutralize developer and stop its action

Answer 47

Acetic acid

Question 48

removes undeveloped silver bromine from the emulsion.

Answer 48

Ammonium thiosulfate

Question 49

stiffens and shrinks emulsion

Answer 49

Potassium alum

Question 50

Maintains chemical balance

Answer 50

Sodium Sulfite

Question 51

Maintains proper pH

Answer 51

Acetate

Question 52

Remove aluminum ions

Answer 52

Boric Acids/salts

Question 53

Process that wash away any residual chemicals remaining in the emulsion

Answer 53

Washing

Question 54

Temperature maintain by wash water

Answer 54

3°C (5°F)

Question 55

Undesirable retention of fixer emulsion

Answer 55

Hypo retention

Question 56

slowly oxidizes and causes the image to discolor to brown over a long time.

Answer 56

Excess hypo

Question 57

Inadequate washing leads to

Answer 57

Hypo retention

Question 58

What color is hypo retention

Answer 58

brown

Question 59

also serves to stabilize developer temperature

Answer 59

Wash bath

Question 60

Final step of film processing

Answer 60

Drying

Question 61

Duration of drying in manual and automatic processing

Answer 61

Manual- more than 1 hour Automatic 90s

Question 62

What is the cause of processing faults leading to damp film

Answer 62

Depletion of glutaraldehyde (hardener)

Question 63

principle components of automatic processor

Answer 63

Transport system temperature system circulation system replenishment system dryer system

Question 64

transports film to various stages at precise intervals

Answer 64

transport system

Question 65

where film to be processed is inserted into the processor

Answer 65

feed film tray

Question 66

grips film to begin its trip to he processor

Answer 66

entrance roller