Energy

Question 1

what is energy

Answer 1

the capacity to do work, move matter, make things happen

Question 2

what is internal energy

Answer 2

the sum of all the energy types in a system

Question 3

what is work

Answer 3

energy taken away or added to a system

Question 4

when work is done on a system, is energy transferred in or out?

Answer 4

in

Question 5

when work is done by a system, is energy transferred in or out>

Answer 5

out

Question 6

give four types of potential energy

Answer 6

chemical, nuclear, stored mechanical, gravitational

Question 7

give five types of kinetic energy

Answer 7

radiant, thermal, electrical, sound, motion

Question 8

give the 1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 8

1. in a system of constant mass, the energy involved in physical/chemical change is not created nor destroyed but changed from one form to another

Question 9

give the 2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

energy changes from a useful concentrated form to a less useful and less concentrated form

Question 10

give the 3rd law of thermodynamics

Answer 10

the state of absolute zero- heat is vibrational motion of particles and all motion ceases at absolute zero

Question 11

what is 0 Kelvin in celsius

Answer 11

-273C

Question 12

what is entropy

Answer 12

measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system/ measure of its disorder

Question 13

what is the name of the process that converts hydrogen to helium in the sun’s core

Answer 13

nucleosynthesis

Question 14

what type of reactions occur in the core of the sun

Answer 14

thermonuclear reactions

Question 15

what process converts matter to energy

Answer 15

fusion

Question 16

why is the sun’s luminosity so great

Answer 16

enormous amount of fusion which releases a tiny amount of energy each time

Question 17

how much of the sun’s luminosity does the earth receive

Answer 17

2 billionths

Question 18

what occurs in the radiative zone

Answer 18

short energy waves are converted to longer waves

Question 19

why is the sun an almost perfect blackbody radiator

Answer 19

it absorbs all light that strikes it and doesnt reflect any

Question 20

name a gas in the atmosphere that absorbs energetic and harmful radiation

Answer 20

ozone

Question 21

give four sources of terrestrial energy

Answer 21

radiogenic heat (breakdown and decay of radioactive elements), 
accretionary heat (collisions of particles to and from the earth),
tidal heating (internal friction from the distortion of the planet,
core formation

Question 22

at what rate does energy come into the earth system

Answer 22

174000 TW

Question 23

at what rate do humans use energy

Answer 23

10TW

Question 24

name two ways that energy leaves the earth system

Answer 24

reflection (albedo)

degradation (lost as heat, longer wavelengths)