Shaping the surface

Question 1

what is geomorphology

Answer 1

the study of landforms and the processes that shape them

Question 2

give the 5 main factors that shape landforms

Answer 2

1. processes
2. climate
3. lithology
4. relief
5. time

Question 3

what does equifinality mean

Answer 3

similar forms can be made by different processes

Question 4

how does climate shape landforms

Answer 4

it influences whether various processes occur, it indirectly influences other agents like vegetation

Question 5

how does lithology shape landforms

Answer 5

rock type impacts the style and rate of denudation eg. joints in rock are places of weakness

Question 6

how does relief shape landforms

Answer 6

theres more erosion up high and more deposition down low

Question 7

how does time shape landforms?

Answer 7

landforms are linked to the rate and duration of processes

Question 8

what is inheritance in terms of landforms

Answer 8

memories in the land show past processes

Question 9

what is sediment

Answer 9

regolith that has undergone erosional transport and deposition

Question 10

what is erosion

Answer 10

a set of processes that move weathered particles to a location of deposition

Question 11

give four modes of transport of sediments

Answer 11

sliding, rolling, saltating and suspension

Question 12

is more velocity required for erosion or transport

Answer 12

erosion

Question 13

what are biogenic sediments

Answer 13

the skeletal remains of either plant or animal marine species

Question 14

what are morphodynamics

Answer 14

how bedforms can change fluid form and fluid form can change bedforms

Question 15

what is diagenesis

Answer 15

physical and chemical changes in sediments first caused by water-rock interactions, microbial activity, and compaction after their deposition

Question 16

what principles is stratigraphy based on

Answer 16

original horizontality, superposition and lateral continuity

Question 17

what is stratigraphic correlation?

Answer 17

ageing rocks by comparing strata found in different areas

Question 18

what are unconformities

Answer 18

breaks in the stratigraphic record due to non deposition or erosion

Question 19

in what aspect are metamorphic rocks changed

Answer 19

mineralogy or texture

Question 20

what is the metamorphic facies concept

Answer 20

for a given range of temp and pressure and given rock composition, assemblage of minerals formed is always the same

Question 21

types of metamorphism

Answer 21

contact- hot magma injected into the rock
regional- occurs over a large area, lots of mechanical deformation
burial- usually of sedimentary rocks after diagenesis-> pressure

Question 22

how are variations created in igneous rock

Answer 22

partial or fractional melting, rate of cooling affects crystal size