Energy and ATP

Question 1

what is the structure of ATP

Answer 1

contains adenine, 3 phosphate groups, and a ribose sugar

Question 2

how is ATP synthesised

Answer 2

ADP+ Pi–(ATP synthase)–> ATP

Question 3

when is ADP is phosphorylated

Answer 3

1) in chlorophyll containing plant cells during photosynthesis
2) in plant and animal cells during respiration
3) in plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP

Question 4

how does ATP store energy

Answer 4

-bonds between phosphate groups are unstable and have low activation energy
-easily broken
-broken bonds between phosphate groups releases energy

Question 5

hydrolysis reaction of ATP

Answer 5

ATP+H2O–>ADP+Pi+ energy
-catalysed by ATP hydrolase

Question 6

what is role of ATP

Answer 6

• immediate energy store
  -cells do not store large amounts of ATP
  -

Question 7

how is ATP adapted to its role

Answer 7

• easily re synthesised
• energy released in ATP hydrolysis much less than glucose
• energy released for reactions in much more managable amounts
  ATP hydrolysis is a single reaction that releases energy instantly while breakdown of glucose is a long series of reactions

Question 8

what processes require ATP

Answer 8

-metabolic processes
-movement (muscle contraction)
-active transport (energy needed to change shape of carrier proteins so molecules can move against concentration gradient
-secretion (needed to form lysosomes necessary for product secretion)
- to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive and so lowering the activation energy in enzyme catalysed reactions