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Science > energy efficiency, circuits, dna 2024 Term 4 > Flashcards

energy efficiency, circuits, dna 2024 Term 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the equation for calculating energy efficiency?

A

useful energy output / total input energy x 100

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2
Q

what is the equation for calculating useful energy output?

A

total energy output x energy efficiency as a decimal

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3
Q

what is the equation for calculating total output energy?

A

useful energy output / efficiency as a decimal

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4
Q

wasted energy

A

energy that is not used efficiently

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5
Q

efficient energy

A

using less energy to perform the same task or produce the same outcome

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6
Q

what are the positives for being energy efficient?

A

environmental benefits, cost saving, resource conservation, sustainability, reduced demand on power grids

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7
Q

what are the environmental benefits of being energy efficient?

A

reduces greenhouse gas emissions and lowers pollution

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8
Q

chemical energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored in the bonds of a substance or group of substances

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9
Q

elastic potential energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored when an object has been stretched or squashed

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10
Q

kinetic energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored in a moving object

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11
Q

thermal energy (energy stored)

A

the total energy of the particles that make up an object. the more energy there is in this store, the higher the temperature of the object

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12
Q

magnetic energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled apart.

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13
Q

electrostatic energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored when repelling charges have been pushed closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart

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14
Q

gravitational potential (energy stored)

A

the energy stored when an object is lifted in a gravitational field

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15
Q

nuclear energy (energy stored)

A

the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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16
Q

the law of conservation of energy

A

the law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed -only transferred or transformed.

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17
Q

in the sequence of energy how is the wasted energy represented?

A

with an arrow pointing down

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18
Q

ammeter (DRAW)

A

a component used to measure the potential difference across a component in a circut

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19
Q

cell (DRAW)

A

a source of chemical energy that can be transferred as electric current in a circut

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20
Q

battery (DRAW)

A

two or more cells connected together in series

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21
Q

resistor (DRAW)

A

(:

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22
Q

fuse (DRAW)

A

a component containing a thin wire that melts if too much current passes through it. It is used as a safety device in a circuit

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23
Q

lamp (DRAW)

A

a component that emits light in a circuit

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24
Q

define nuclear energy

A

nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom. It is released when an atom undergoes nuclear fission or fusion

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25
define gravitational energy
this energy is associated with the force of gravity. the higher an object is, the greater the gravitational energy that it possesses. for example, a rollercoaster will ascend the track to increase its gravitational potential energy before coming back down
26
define sound energy
this energy moves through substances causing them to vibrate. when these substances vibrate we hear this as sound. a bell ringing or thunder rumbling are examples of sound energy
27
define mechanical energy
this type of moving energy is best seen in the motion of objects such as a flowing river, a moving car and a person walking
28
define radiant energy
radiant energy is also known as light and electromagnetic. this energy travels in waves and includes visible light, x rays, radio waves.
29
define thermal energy
this energy is created from the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance. the faster they move, the more energy they possess. when an item feels hot to the touch, it possesses thermal energy
30
define electrical energy
this is the movement of electrons (subatomic particles that make up atoms) along a conductive material such as copper wire. this energy is what powers your electronic devices and what lightening is made of
31
energy definition
energy is the ability to do work. work is the transfer or transformation of energy
32
what is energy transfer
the process of which energy is mvovedfrom one system or object to another.
33
electrical circuit
a path for transmitting electrical current
34
series circuit
a circuit that has only one pathway
35
parallel circuit
a circuit with multiple pathways and if you open a switch it will still be on
36
what is the measurement used to measure energy
joules
37
what is energy transfer
the process where energy is moved from one system or object to another and stays in the same form
38
what is energy transform
the process of converting from onr form to another through objects and changes forms of energy
39
acids and bases ______ each other
neutralise
40
the _______ are the substances that you have before the reaction takes place
reactants
41
the ________ are the substances you will have after the reaction has finished
products
42
conservation of mass
the law that says during a chemical reaction, the total mass of products must be equal to the total mass of reactants
43
what was the strawberry dna experiment
we crushed up strawberry's with buffer and then microscope
44
multiple alleles
when there are more than 2 alleles for a specific trait. there are 4 phenotypes for human blood: a, b, ab, o
45
condominance
when dominant and recessive traits are combined, resulting in both traits being expressed at the same time. eg a white chicken and grey chicken have offspring that are grey with white spots
46
polygenic inheritance
trait controlled by more thanone gene and a variety of phenotypes and seen eg colour, hair, skin colour, body shape.
47
incomplete dominance
this happens when dominant and revessive traits are combined in heterozygaus (different) state and results in blended and different phenotypes eg white dog and black dog make brown dog or gray puppy
48
dominant
a gene in where it is dominant and capitalised. the dominant always triumphs
49
recessive
a gene in where the gene is always triumphed by dominant and is lower case
50
what does dna stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
51
what is dna
the blueprint that contains our biological instructions. found in the nucleus of nearly every cell.
52
chromosome
a tightly coiled strand of dna
52
double helix
the structure of a dna molecule a double stranded spiral
53
gene
a segment of dna, the basic functional unit of heredity
54
genome
an organisms entire set of dna
55
genotype
the genetic code for a gene or an organisms entire genome
56
heredity
the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring
57
phenotype
how the genotype is physically expressed
58
covalent compounds
share electrons
59
ionic compounds
bound together by electron loss and gain. when atoms lose electrons they form positively charged ions (cations)
60
cations
positively charged ions
61
anions
negatively charged ions
62
when a metal atoms bonds with a non-metal atom, the metal _________
loses electrons and the non metal gains them eg NaCl
63
draw a series and parallel circuit with a battery, switch, lamp
yep
64
advantages of renewable energy
sustainable, replenishes quickly, natural and clean, economic benefits
65
disadvantages of renewable energy
reliability and look and sound
66
name the three environmental benefits of renewable energy and explain
less air polution- harmful gases reduces greenhouse gases- doesn't release carbon dioxide protects natural habitats- no mining or drilling
67
three sustainability factors of renewable energy
unlimited resources, energy for our future generations, helps slow down climate change.
68
switch closed (DRAW)
(:
69
switch open (DRAW)
(:
70
variable resistor (DRAW)
(:
71
voltmeter (DRAW)
(:
72
name the 3 economic benefits of renewable energy
less dependance on imported fuels, renewable energy prices getting cheaper, attracts investmentsn
73
name the three disadvantages of renewable energy
high initial cost, reliability and environmental +social impact
74
name the two factors of high initial costs for renewable energy
expensive to build and maintenance + storage
75
name the two factors of reliability for renewable energy
depends on the weather and cannot always meet high demands
76
name the 4 environmental and social impacts (disadvantages) of renewable energy, describe all of them
requires large amounts of land- solar farms and dams need lots of space can harm wildlife- wind turbines hit birds and bats noise and visual impact- wind turbines can create noise and can annoy people limited to certain locations- solar only works when its sunny, wind only works in windy places

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