Systems, Atoms, Elements, Evolution, Spheres, Chemistry 2023 Term 4

Question 1

What charge does an electron have?

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

state newtons first law of motion and provide an example

Answer 2

the law of inertia. Newton’s first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force. a ball will keep rolling unless acted on by a force, like a hand stopping it, or even gravity slowing it down.

Question 3

what is the symbol of carbon dioxide?

Answer 3

CO2

Question 4

explain the basic structure of an atom

Answer 4

neutrons and protons in the nucleus and electrons going around the rings.

Question 5

what is an independent variable? and which axis?

Answer 5

variable that is changed. eg the amount of water used for plants. x axis

Question 6

imagine you are conducting an experiment to investigate the effects of light on plant growth. What would be the independent, dependent and the control group?

Answer 6

the independent would be the light exposed. the dependent would be the plant growth and the control group would be a plant that is exposed to the reccomended amount of light needed for that plant type.

Question 7

in a distance vs time graph, what does the horizontal line represent?

Answer 7

This graph shows the movement of three objects over time. The slope, or steepness, of each line indicates the object’s rate of speed. In general, the steeper the slope, the faster the object’s speed.

Question 8

what is the primary function of the circulatory system?

Answer 8

to pump blood in and around the human body

Question 9

name two earth’s spheres and briefly explain their characteristics and interactions.

Answer 9

hydrosphere is all the water eg lakes, oceans, rivers. lithosphere is the ground and the layers of the earth, also contains mountains and geology. atmosphere is the air around us and contains oxygen. the biosphere is all the organic life, breathing and living things. plants, animals and other things.

Question 10

which is the x axis and which is y?

Answer 10

x is bottom line, y is top

Question 11

what is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 11

to bring air in and out of the lungs (breathe)

Question 12

name all 4 spheres of the earth

Answer 12

biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

Question 13

the steps of the scientific method and provide an example.

Answer 13

Make an observation.
Ask a question.
Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation.
Make a prediction based on the hypothesis.
Test the prediction.

Question 14

what is homeostasis?

Answer 14

the body trying to regulate itself against the environment using methods such as sweating and shivering.

Question 15

what is the symbol of nitrogen?

Answer 15

N2.

Question 16

what is the symbol of sodium chloride?

Answer 16

NaCl. Table salt

Question 17

name the first 20 elements of the periodic table (the song) and record all of them down.

Answer 17

Hydrogen H 1
Helium He 2
Lithium Li 3
Beryllium Be 4
Boron B 5
Carbon C 6
Nitrogen N 7
Oxygen O 8
Fluorine F 9
Neon Ne 10
Sodium Na 11
Magnesium Mg 12
Aluminium Al 13
Silicon Si 14
Phosphorus P 15
Sulfur S 16
Chlorine Cl 17
Argon Ar 18
Potassium K 19
Calcium Ca 20

Question 18

how does velocity differ from speed?

Answer 18

velocity is speed but with a direction. you can say the dog travelled 5km/h thats speed. but if you said the dog travelled westward 5km/h that would be velocity and it uses displacement.

Question 19

what is the symbol of Hydrochloric acid

Answer 19

HCl

Question 20

define hereditary features

Answer 20

features that are passed on from one generation to another

Question 21

calculate the force (in newtons) acting on an object with a mass of 35 kg and an acceleration of 5 m/s squared.

Answer 21

f = ma. force = mass x acceleration. 175 newtons

Question 22

what is homeostasis?

Answer 22

Homeostasis is any self-regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival. or in other words, sweating to keep the body cool, shivering when cold.

Question 23

calculate the average speed of a car that travelled 120km in 6 hours.

Answer 23

d
t s
(:
20km/h

Question 24

define evolution

Answer 24

refers to changes to a population of organisms over time

Question 25

what is newtons first law?

Answer 25

the law of inertia. Newton’s first law states that if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.

Question 26

what charge does a neutron have?

Answer 26

neutral (none)

Question 27

what is the formula for calculating the average speed, distance and time of something moving?

Answer 27

the dts triangle.

Question 28

in a chemical reaction, if the total mass of reactants is 50 grams, what would be the expected total mass of the products according to the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 28

50 grams (:

Question 29

What is mass number?

Answer 29

mass of the element, always larger

Question 30

what are some ways to improve the reliability and validity of an experiments data?

Answer 30

yeah idk it depends on the experiment

Question 31

(in order) name the hierarchy of living organisms from cell to system.

Answer 31

organelle, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organisms.

Question 32

name the properties of metals on the periodic table

Answer 32

shiny, high melting points, good conductors of electricity, good conductors of heat, high density, malleable

Question 33

what is the symbol of calcium carbonate?

Answer 33

CaCO3

Question 34

what is the symbol of glucose

Answer 34

C6H12O6. Sugar molecule.

Question 35

what is electron configuration? And what is the formula for how many electrons are around a ring?

Answer 35

the max number of electrons around each ring of an atom. 2nsquared. n is the first, second and third ect ring.

Question 36

what are the three main particles that make up an atom and where are they located?

Answer 36

electrons are located in the rings, and protons and neurons are located in the nucleus in the middle.

Question 37

how do you find out density?

Answer 37

❤️m/v mass divided by volume

Question 38

what is the symbol of ethanol

Answer 38

C2H5OH. Ethyl alcohol is used as a fuell

Question 39

pick a random element and calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 39

protons = electrons atomic number = protons atomic mass - protons = neutrons amount of protons = atomic number protons + neutrons = atomic mass

Question 40

what are convection currents?

Answer 40

where bits of the mantle heat up and float to the surface, then cool down and float back down

Question 41

how does atomic numbers determine an elements position in the periodic table

Answer 41

every element has a different amount of protons and atomic number is how many it has.

Question 42

pick a random element and calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 42

protons = electrons atomic number = protons atomic mass - protons = neutrons amount of protons = atomic number protons + neutrons = atomic mass

Question 43

what is the symbol of water?

Answer 43

H20. there are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen.

Question 44

define the law of conservation

Answer 44

the amount of matter stays the same even when matter changes form

Question 45

describe the hierarchy of organisation in living organisms, from the smallest to largest.

Answer 45

organelle, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organisms.

Question 46

explain the theory of evolution

Answer 46

The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time. Evolution relies on there being genetic variation in a population which affects the physical characteristics (phenotype) of an organism.

Question 47

what is the purpose of a control group

Answer 47

In a scientific study, a control group is used to establish causality by isolating the effect of an independent variable.

Question 48

pick a random element and calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 48

protons = electrons atomic number = protons atomic mass - protons = neutrons amount of protons = atomic number protons + neutrons = atomic mass

Question 49

what charge does a proton have?

Answer 49

positive

Question 50

What is the atomic number?

Answer 50

tells us how many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, In a neutrally charged atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons

Question 51

how do the respiratory system and circulatory system work together?

Answer 51

The circulatory system, which is made up of the heart and blood vessels, supports the respiratory system by bringing blood to and from the lungs. The circulatory system helps deliver nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body.

Question 52

what is the symbol of carbon?

Answer 52

C

Question 53

define respiration

Answer 53

plants and animals break down glucose using oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and AIP.

Question 54

name the properties of non metals on the periodic table

Answer 54

dull, low melting points, poor conductors of electricity, poor conductors of heat, low density, brittle

Question 55

what is a dependent variable? and which axis?

Answer 55

variable affected by the change, or whats being measured. y axis

Question 56

pick a random element and calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 56

protons = electrons atomic number = protons atomic mass - protons = neutrons amount of protons = atomic number protons + neutrons = atomic mass

Question 57

what is newtons second law?

Answer 57

Newton’s second law is a quantitative description of the changes that a force can produce on the motion of a body. It states that the time rate of change of the momentum of a body is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it. The momentum of a body is equal to the product of its mass and its velocity.

Question 58

what is the symbol of oxygen?

Answer 58

O2.

Question 59

pick a random element and calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer 59

protons = electrons atomic number = protons atomic mass - protons = neutrons amount of protons = atomic number protons + neutrons = atomic mass

Question 60

what is the symbol of sulfuric acid

Answer 60

H2SO4. an acid used in fertilisers, detergents and batteries.