Energy From Respiration Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is respiration?
The process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell.
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
When does respiration occur in plants and animals?
All the time.
How is mitochondria involved in respiration?
It is the site of respiration.
How do mitochondria provide a large surface area?
They have a folded inner membrane.
Why does the body release energy?
To build larger molecules from smaller ones. In animals, to allow the muscles to contract. In mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady. In plants, to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins.
What are muscles made of?
Muscle cells.
What does an increase in muscle activity need?
More glucose and oxygen. Extra CO2 needs to be removed from the muscle cells.
What does physical activity do?
Increases the breathing rate to meet the need for extra oxygen. Increases the speed at which the heart pumps.
What is some glucose stored as?
Glycogen.
Where is glycogen stored?
Mainly in the liver but each muscle has its own store.
When is the glycogen converted back into glycogen?
During vigorous exercise muscles use glucose rapidly so some of the glycogen is converted back to provide more energy.
What changes in the body take place during exercise?
The heart race increases and the arteries supplying blood dilate - increases supply of blood as well as oxygen and glucose to the muscles. Also increases rate that CO2 leaves the muscles.
How does your breathing change during exercise?
Breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply. Brings more air into the lungs. Therefore more oxygen is brought into the body.
What are the benefits of exercise?
Heart and lungs become larger. They also develop a bigger and more efficient blood supply.
When is anaerobic respiration used?
When your body cannot supply enough oxygen to the muscles.
What does it mean if your muscles become fatigued?
They stop contracting efficiently.
What is a cause of muscle fatigue?
The build up of lactic acid.
How is lactic acid removed?
The blood flowing through the muscles.
Why is anaerobic respiration not as efficient as aerobic?
The glucose molecules are not broken down completely.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose -> energy + lactic acid
What is another downside of anaerobic respiration?
Doesn’t produce as much energy.
What is an advantage of anaerobic respiration?
Your muscles can keep on working for longer.
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid to CO2 and water.
