Flashcards in Energy - Paper 1 Deck (42)
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1
What is a system?
an object or group of objects
2
Describe the energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards
Kinetic energy into GPE and thermal
3
Describe the energy changes when an object hits an obstacle
Kinetic into Thermal and sound
4
Describe the energy changes in a torch
Chemical into electrical into thermal and light
5
State the equation and all units for kinetic energy
kinetic energy (J) = 0.5 × mass (kg) × speed Squared (m/s)
6
State the equation and all units for GPE
g.p.e. (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength(N/kg) × height (m)
7
Define specific heat capacity
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius.
8
State the units for specific heat capacity
J/kg °C
9
Define Power
Rate at which energy is transferred into a new form
10
State the equation with all units for Power.
Power (W) = energy (J)/ time (s)
11
Define 1 W
An energy transfer of 1 joule per second
12
State the conservation of energy
Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but cannot be created or destroyed.
13
Define thermal conductivity
How well a material can insulate. The higher the thermal conductivity of a material the higher the rate of energy transfer by conduction across the material.
14
How can heat loss from a building be minimised?
Using thicker walls and materials with a lower thermal conductivity
15
Define efficiency
How effective a device is at converting its input energy into a useful output form of energy
16
State the equation for efficiency
efficiency = useful output energy / total input energy
17
State the 3 fossil fuels
Coal, oil and gas
18
Define a renewable energy resource
One that can be replenished and won't run out
19
State the advantages of fossil fuels
Reliable
Short start up time of a few hours
cheap
can be used in many locations
doesn't produce radioactive waste
20
State the disadvantages of fossil fuels
Non renewable
Will run out
Produces carbon dioxide which leads to global warming
Causes acid rain
21
State the advantages of nuclear power
Reliable
A very concentrated source of energy
No carbon dioxide release
Doesn't cause acid rain
22
State the disadvantages of nuclear power
Slow start up time of a few days
Causes Radioactive waste
High decommissioning costs
Non renewable
23
State the advantages of solar power.
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
24
State the disadvantages of solar power
Unreliable
Expensive to buy
Don't get much energy so need lots of solar cells
25
State the advantages of wind
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
26
State the disadvantages of wind
Unreliable
Visual pollution
Noise pollution
Don't get much energy so need a large area of wind turbines
27
State the advantages of hydroelectric
Short start up time
Renewable
Wont run out
no fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
28
Disadvantages of hydroelectric
Expensive to buy the dam
Flooding of surrounding areas
Damage to animal habitats
29
Advantages of geothermal
Short start up time
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
30
Disadvantages of geothermal
Expensive to drill
Only suitable in certain locations
31
Advantages of wave power
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
32
Disadvantages of wave power
Unreliable
Difficult to maintain and repair
Restricts shipping lanes
33
Advantages of tidal
Reliable - as tides can be predicted
Renewable
Wont run out
Low fuel cost
no cardon dioxide
Doesn't cause acid rain
34
Disadvantages of tidal
Difficult to maintain and repair
Restricts shipping lanes
35
Advantages of Biomass
Reliable
Renewable
Carbon neutral
36
Disadvantages of Biomass
Release carbon dioxide
Take up land which can be used for crops
37
What are the nine types of energy?
Kinetic, sound, light, thermal, electrical, gravitational potential, elastic potential (strain), chemical, nuclear
38
What is 'wasted energy'?
Energy that is transformed to either the wrong place or the wrong form
39
What is 'useful energy'?
The energy transformed to where it is wanted in the form wanted
40
If energy can not be created or destroyed why are we concerned with waster energy?
A lot of energy is wasted as thermal which dissipated and spreads out to the surroundings. This energy becomes so spread out it can't be reused usefully again.
41
What is the equation for work done?
Work done = force x distance in direction of force
42
