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OCR level 3 technical in sport and physical activity > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Energy systems

A

ATP-PC /alactic system
Lactic acid system
Aerobic system

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2
Q

What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?

A

Anaerobic

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3
Q

What fuels the ATP-PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine

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4
Q

How much ATP is produced by the ATP-PC system?

A

1 ATP per molecule of PC

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5
Q

What are the by products of the ATP-PC system?

A

None/ADP

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6
Q

Name a sporting example for the ATP-PC system and why would a player use this system?

A

100m sprint , shot put and high jump
- Up to 10 seconds of exercise
- High intensity
- Short burst needed e.g. sprint for the football
- Not enough time for anaerobic glycolysis

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7
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Tri-phosphate and consists of 3 phosphate groups , a molecule of adenosine and is needed for muscular contractions

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8
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

By breaking a high energy bond between phosphate groups which releases energy and forms ADP

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9
Q

How does ATP work like a rechargeable battery?

A

ATP can be resynthesized if a phosphate group is added on to ADP forming back into ATP

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10
Q

How long does the ATP-PC system last for?

A

Up to 10 seconds

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11
Q

What is Phosphocreatine made up of?

A

A molecule of creatine and a phosphate group

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12
Q

How long does ATP last for?

A

2 seconds

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13
Q

Where is ATP stored?

A

In the muscle cells (sarcoplasm)

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14
Q

What enzyme is used in the ATP-PC system?

A

Creatine Kinase

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15
Q

Explain the Exothermic reaction

A

Energy is given out
ATP = Energy + P + ADP

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16
Q

Explain the Endothermic reaction

A

Energy is taken in
Energy + ADP + P = ATP

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17
Q

Advantages of the ATP-PC system?

A
  • Dosen’t require oxygen
  • Fewer reactions needed
  • Energy stored in muscles
  • Energy available quickly
  • No fatiguing by products
  • PC can be resynthesized so a quick recovery time
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18
Q

Disadvantages of the ATP-PC system?

A
  • 1 PC resynthesises 1 ATP
  • Small amount of PC/ATP stored in the muscles
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19
Q

What type of reaction is the Lactic acid system?

A

Anaerobic

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20
Q

What fuels the Lactic acid system?

A

Glycogen , glucose and carbohydrates

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21
Q

How much ATP is produced by the Lactic acid system?

A

2 ATP

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22
Q

What are the by products of the Lactic acid system?

A

Lactic acid

23
Q

Name a sporting example for the Lactic acid system and why would a player use this system?

A

400 sprint and 200m swim
- HIT exercise over 10 seconds
- Prolonged/repeated sprints e.g. periods of attacking and defending in football

24
Q

What effect does Lactic acid have on muscular contractions?

A

Causes fatigue

25
Q

How long does the Lactic acid system last for?

A

1-2 mins

26
Q

When does the Lactic acid system begin?

A

When the ATP-PC system starts to fade at around 10 seconds we need another system to resynthesise ATP

27
Q

What does the Lactic acid system break down?

A

Glycogen which produces 2 ATP and is without oxygen so is called anaerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate acid is produced which is converted to lactic acid which is a waste product

28
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

Liver and muscle cells

29
Q

Advantages of the Lactic acid system?

A
  • Can work both aerobically and anaerobically
  • Dosen’t require oxygen
  • Fast reaction
  • Provides energy for HIT exercise
  • Fewer reactions than aerobic system
  • Resynthesis of 2 ATP molecules which is 1 more than the ATP-PC system)
  • Large glycogen store in the liver and muscle cells which is readily available as an energy source
30
Q

Disadvantages of the Lactic acid system?

A
  • Not as quick as the ATP-PC system
  • Produces lactic acid which is a fatiguing by product
  • Reduces blood PH which inhibits enzyme action
  • Stimulates pain receptors
  • Pain/fatigue
31
Q

What type of reaction is the Aerobic system?

A

Aerobic (relies on oxygen)

32
Q

What fuels the Aerobic system?

A

Fatty acids , glucose and glycogen

33
Q

How much ATP is produced by the Aerobic system?

A

38 ATP in total
- 2 ATP in aerobic glycolysis
- 2 ATP in the Kreb cycle
- 34 ATP in the electron transport chain

34
Q

What are the by products of the Aerobic system?

A

Water and carbon dioxide

35
Q

Name a sporting example for the Aerobic system and why would a player use this system?

A

Marathon or triathlon
- At least 2 mins after start of exercise
- Low/medium intensity
- Enough oxygen is available
- Below anaerobic threshold
- E.g. to last the full 90 mins of football

36
Q

Name the 3 stages of the Aerobic system

A
  • Aerobic glycolyis
  • Krebs cycle
  • Electron transport chain
37
Q

What enzyme is used during the Aerobic system?

A

ATPase

38
Q

Describe the 1st stage of the Aerobic system

A

Aerobic glycolysis
- Takes place in the sarcoplasm
- Glucose/glycogen is converted to pyruvic acid which isn’t converted to lactic acid as oxygen is present
- 2 ATP produced
- Pyruvate is catalysed by co enzyme A to produce acetyl co-enzyme A

39
Q

Describe the 2nd stage of the Aerobic system

A

Krebs cycle
- Takes place in the mitochondria
- Acetyl coA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
- 2 ATP produced
- By products = carbon dioxide and hydrogen

40
Q

What is used in the Krebs cycle?

A

Fats which are broken down to produce more ATP which requires more oxygen

41
Q

Describe the 3rd stage of the Aerobic system

A

Electron transport chain
- Hydrogen splits into ions and electrons
- Electrons are passed down the chain
- 34 ATP produced
- Ions are oxidised
- By products = water

42
Q

Advantages of the Aerobic system

A
  • Lactic acid isn’t produced
  • Provides energy for low and moderate intensity and high duration exercise
  • 38 ATP produced from 1 molecule of glucose
  • Efficient ATP re-synthesis when good oxygen supply guarantees breakdown of fatty acids
  • Large potential glycogen and fatty acid stores available
43
Q

Disadvantages of the Aerobic system

A
  • Takes up to 20 mins to start to use fats as an energy source
  • Takes time to transition to the system
  • Limited energy for ATP during high intensity short duration exercise
  • More complex series of reactions
  • Requires more oxygen supply
  • Slower rate of ATP re-synthesis
44
Q

What is an Energy continuum?

A

Sporting activities which are placed on different points depending on their intensity and duration

45
Q

How do Energy systems work?

A

Together

46
Q

What is the timescale for recovery for the ATP-PC system?

A

2-3 mins

47
Q

What is the recovery process for the ATP-PC system?

A

Restoration of phosphocreatine
- Fast component of epoc
- Faster and deeper breathing after exercise to resynthesise ATP/PC stores and replenish myoglobin

48
Q

What is the timescale for recovery for the Lactic acid system?

A

30 mins - 2 hours

49
Q

What is the recovery process for the Lactic acid system?

A
  • Removal of lactic acid by converting it to glycogen or glucose
  • Replenishing glycogen
  • Slow component of epoc
  • Aerobic system provides energy for the recovery process
  • Ventilation rates remain elevated during recovery
50
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excesive post exercise oxygen consumption
- There is fast and slow components
- Aerobic energy is produced during recovery to resynthesise ATP and replenish PC
- Oxygen is used to break down lactic acid

51
Q

Why is knowledge of EPOC beneficial?

A
  • Restores ATP
  • Removes lactic acid
  • Warm up provides more oxygen to working muscles
  • Cool down speeds up removal of lactate
52
Q

What is the timescale for recovery for the Aerobic system?

A

48 hours

53
Q

What is the recovery process for the Aerobic system?

A

Repay oxygen debt by…
- Stop being active so decreases demand for oxygen
- Reducing intensity so demand for oxygen meets supply
- Undergo a cool down which will remove waste products and take more oxygen in

OCR level 3 technical in sport and physical activity (5 decks)

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