Energy, Work, and Simple Machines

Question 1

kinetic energy

Answer 1

object that has energy because it is in motion

Question 2

energy

Answer 2

ability to cause a change

Question 3

types of kinetic energy

Answer 3

Radiant, thermal, motion, sound, electrical

Question 4

kinetic energy formula

Answer 4

KE = 1/2 mv^2

Question 5

radiant energy

Answer 5

carried by electromagnetic waves

Question 6

electromagnetic waves

Answer 6

radio, microwave, infrared, visible (ROYGBIV), ultraviolet (UV), X-ray, gamma

Question 7

thermal energy

Answer 7

sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles that make up an object

Question 8

geothermal energy

Answer 8

energy produced from near surface molten rock

Question 9

sound energy

Answer 9

carried by sound waves

Question 10

electric energy

Answer 10

form of kinetic energy that an electric current carries

Question 11

seismic energy

Answer 11

transferred by waves moving through the ground

Question 12

potential energy

Answer 12

stored energy that depends on the interactions of objects, particles, or atoms

Question 13

types of potential energy

Answer 13

gravitational, elastic, chemical, nuclear

Question 14

gravitational potential energy

Answer 14

type of potential energy stored in an object that depends on its mass and its height above Earth’s surface

Question 15

gravitational potential energy formula

Answer 15

GPE=mgh

Question 16

chemical energy

Answer 16

stored in and released from the bonds between atoms

Question 17

nuclear energy

Answer 17

stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom through fission (splitting atoms) by humans or fusion (uniting atoms) in the high temperature and pressure found in the Sun

Question 18

mechanical energy

Answer 18

sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system of objects

Question 19

transform

Answer 19

to change form or structure

Question 20

energy transformation

Answer 20

conversion of energy from one form to another

Question 21

law of conservation of energy

Answer 21

states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 22

work

Answer 22

transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move in the direction of the force while the force acts on the object

Question 23

simple machine

Answer 23

does work through use of one movement that changes the direction or the amount of force required to perform a task

Question 24

lever

Answer 24

pivots around a fixed point

Question 25

inclined plane

Answer 25

flat, sloped surface

Question 26

screw

Answer 26

inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

Question 27

wedge

Answer 27

inclined plane that moves

Question 28

wheel and axle

Answer 28

shaft attached to a wheel so that both rotate together

Question 29

gear

Answer 29

toothed wheel used to transfer rotary motion and torque through interlocking teeth

Question 30

pulley

Answer 30

grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it

Question 31

output force

Answer 31

the force exerted on an object by a machine

Question 32

input force (effort force)

Answer 32

the force you exert on a machine

Question 33

mechanical advantage

Answer 33

the ratio of the output force to the input force

Question 34

IMA

Answer 34

ideal mechanical advantage

Question 35

ideal mechanical advantage

Answer 35

the mechanical advantage of a machine in the absence of friction

Question 36

AMA

Answer 36

actual mechanical advantage

Question 37

actual mechanical advantage

Answer 37

the mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation

Question 38

complex machine

Answer 38

two or more simple machines working together

Question 39

work equation

Answer 39

W = Fd, work = force x distance

Question 40

Joule

Answer 40

unit of energy AND work

Question 41

power

Answer 41

the rate at which work is done

Question 42

Watt

Answer 42

standard metric unit of power; horsepower is equivalent to approximately 750 of these

Question 43

power formula

Answer 43

P = Work / time (or P=Force*velocity)

Question 44

efficiency

Answer 44

ratio of output work to input work

Question 45

efficiency equation

Answer 45

(output work / input work)x100%