P-Waves S2023 (AKA the sane number of cards)

Question 1

Mechanical Wave

Answer 1

a wave that travels through matter

Question 2

electromagnetic waves

Answer 2

transverse waves that transfer energy through matter and the vacuum of space; travel their fastest in the vacuum of space at 300,000 km/s

Question 3

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 3

includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays

Question 4

transverse wave

Answer 4

wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicularly to the direction the wave is traveling

Question 5

longitudinal wave

Answer 5

wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion

Question 6

compression

Answer 6

part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together

Question 7

rarefaction

Answer 7

part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart

Question 8

water waves

Answer 8

these are a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves

Question 9

seismic waves

Answer 9

mechanical waves that move through Earth’s crust (P waves are longitudinal, S are transverse)

Question 10

wavelength

Answer 10

horizontal distance between the crests or troughs

Question 11

frequency

Answer 11

the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second; measured in Hertz (Hz)

Question 12

amplitude

Answer 12

height of a wave; greater height = greater energy (and greater loudness for sound waves)

Question 13

color

Answer 13

a quality produced by light waves; CASE 1: when light hits an object, some wavelengths are absorbed by the object and some are reflected; this quality is produced by the wavelengths of light reflected; CASE 2: if an object emits light itself, this quality is produced by the wavelengths it emits

Question 14

additive color

Answer 14

color that is produced by light that is emitted directly from a light source (red, green and blue produce white)

Question 15

subtractive color

Answer 15

color that is produced by the mixing of pigments (cyan, magenta, and yellow produce black)

Question 16

white light

Answer 16

contains all the wavelengths of the visible spectrum

Question 17

blue skies

Answer 17

As white light from the Sun enters Earth’s atmosphere, much of the red, yellow, and green wavelengths of light (mixed together and still nearly white) pass straight through the atmosphere to our eyes. The blue and violet waves, however, are just the right size to hit and bounce off of the molecules of gas in the atmosphere. This causes the blue and violet waves to be separated from the rest of the light and become scattered in every direction for all to see. The other wavelengths stick together as a group, and therefore remain white.

Question 18

red sunsets

Answer 18

As the Sun gets lower in the sky, its light passes through more of the atmosphere to reach you. Even more of the blue and violet light is scattered, allowing the reds and yellows to pass straight through to your eyes without all that competition from the blues.

Question 19

cornea

Answer 19

convex lens made of transparent tissue located on the outside of the eye

Question 20

iris

Answer 20

colored part of the eye that regulates size of pupil

Question 21

eye lens

Answer 21

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape (when ciliary muscles relax & contract) to help focus images on the retina

Question 22

pupil

Answer 22

opening into the interior of the eye at the center of the iris

Question 23

retina

Answer 23

layer of special light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye; where an image forms

Question 24

rods

Answer 24

cells in the retina that are active in dim light

Question 25

cones

Answer 25

cells in the retina that are active in bright light and detect color

Question 26

sound wave

Answer 26

longitudinal wave caused by vibrations that only travel through matter (solids, liquids & gases)

Question 27

speed of sound

Answer 27

increases with increasing temperature and/or density (faster in solids than gases); formula s=d/t

Question 28

outer ear

Answer 28

collects sound waves

Question 29

middle ear

Answer 29

amplifies sound waves

Question 30

inner ear

Answer 30

converts vibrations to nerve signals that travel to the brain

Question 31

pitch

Answer 31

perception of how high or low a sound seems

Question 32

vocal chords

Answer 32

two membranes in the throat that vibrate creating sound waves; muscles connected to these make them thicker and thinner like guitar strings

Question 33

decibel scale

Answer 33

measures loudness of sound

Question 34

sonar

Answer 34

uses reflected sound waves to locate objects under water

Question 35

echolocation

Answer 35

the process of using reflected sound waves to find objects used by animals such as bats and dolphins

Question 36

standing wave

Answer 36

waves that appear to be standing still

Question 37

node

Answer 37

a point on a standing wave that has no displacement from the rest position

Question 38

antinode

Answer 38

a point of maximum displacement midway between two nodes in a standing wave