Enforcing Law And Order Flashcards
(24 cards)
What was the community responsibility in the Middle Ages regarding law enforcement?
Adult men grouped in tithings had to bring any lawbreaker to court.
This system emphasized collective responsibility for maintaining law and order.
What is the ‘hue and cry’ in the context of the Middle Ages?
A call for help to catch a criminal that anyone who heard was expected to respond to.
This practice required community involvement in law enforcement.
What was the role of the sheriff in the Middle Ages?
The sheriff could raise an armed posse to track down criminals.
This highlighted the importance of local law enforcement.
What were the three types of courts in the Middle Ages?
Manorial, church, and royal courts.
Each type of court dealt with different kinds of cases and had its own jurisdiction.
What types of crimes did manor courts address?
Petty crimes and local disputes, such as land disputes.
Each manor had its own local laws.
Who decided cases in church courts during the Middle Ages?
The local bishop.
Church courts were more lenient and did not issue the death sentence.
What were assizes in the royal court system?
Visits by royal judges to each county to try serious cases, occurring 2-3 times a year.
This system lasted until 1971.
What changes occurred in law enforcement during the Industrial Era?
The need for a better system of law enforcement in new industrial towns.
This period saw opposition to police forces due to concerns about freedom and government interference.
Who created the Bow Street Runners?
The Fielding Brothers.
They were part-time, paid constables working for Bow Street Magistrates Court.
What was the purpose of the Bow Street Runners?
To attempt to stop crime through preventative policing.
They represented an early form of organized law enforcement.
When was the Metropolitan Police established?
In 1829.
This was a significant development in modern policing.
What did the Rural Police Act of 1839 accomplish?
Established police forces in the countryside.
This expanded law enforcement beyond urban areas.
What happened to Justices of the Peace during the establishment of police forces?
They were replaced by police.
This marked a shift in law enforcement responsibility.
What was the primary role of police in the modern era (20th/21st Century)?
To maintain public order and prevent crime.
The focus shifted towards community safety.
When was police training introduced?
In 1900.
This was part of the modernization of policing methods.
When were the first female police officers appointed?
In 1919.
This was a significant milestone for gender inclusion in law enforcement.
What year did female officers gain the ability to become detectives?
1973.
This allowed for greater career advancement for women in policing.
What community initiative was set up in 1982?
Neighbourhood watch schemes.
This was a return to community policing principles.
How many police forces were there in 2000 after consolidation?
43 police forces.
This was aimed at better coordination of resources.
What advancements in forensic science occurred in 1995?
Establishment of the National Fingerprinting Identification system and DNA database.
These tools greatly enhanced crime solving capabilities.
What role do scene of crime officers have?
Attend crime scenes to collect evidence and carry out tests on hair, skin, blood, etc.
Their work is crucial for modern investigations.
What was the role of Justices of the Peace in the Early Modern era?
Oversaw law and order, organized constables and watchmen, and administered the Poor Law.
They were key local figures in maintaining public safety.
What were the responsibilities of parish constables and watchmen?
Keep law and order, challenge strangers, and carry a bell and lamp.
They were early forms of community law enforcement.
Who introduced patrols called Charleys in the 1660s?
Charles II.
They were the first paid lawmen, albeit with low pay.
