Methods Of Punishments Flashcards
What was a method of trial used in Saxon times?
Trial by ordeal, such as trial by hot iron
The Saxons relied on this method before punishment was administered.
What is wergild?
A fine relied upon by the Saxons
Wergild was a form of compensation for wrongs committed.
List the three main types of punishment in the Middle Ages.
- Whipping
- Stocks & pillory
- Mutilation
These punishments continued into the early modern era.
What was the common punishment for murder and treason in the early modern era?
Death penalty, usually by public hanging
Persistent theft and begging could also lead to capital punishment.
What was the punishment for treason in the case of Guy Fawkes?
Hang, drawn, and quartered
This punishment was historically applied to those convicted of treason.
What method was used to execute heretics during the reign of Mary I?
Burned at the stake
Mary I executed over 280 Protestants in this manner.
What was the Bloody Code?
A set of laws by 1815 that made 225 crimes punishable by death
This code reflected the harshness of punishments during that time.
What alternative to the death penalty was introduced during the Industrial Era?
Transportation
Initially, North America was used, but after the 1770s, Australia became the destination.
What were hulks used for?
Temporary measure for housing prisoners
Hulks were ships used to hold convicts until they could be transported.
When did the first fleet of prisoners arrive in Australia?
1788
This marked the beginning of Australia as a penal colony.
What was the purpose of the separate system reform in prisons?
To provide individual cells with work and religious sermons
This system aimed to rehabilitate rather than just punish.
What tasks were inmates subjected to under the Silent System?
Pointless tasks like the crank and shot drill
This system aimed to make life in prison as unpleasant as possible.
What were borstals, and when were they established?
Institutions for 15-21 year olds set up in 1908
They focused on strict rules and education.
What are Young Offenders Institutions?
Institutions set up in 1988 for reforming violent offenders aged 18-21
They focus on rehabilitation for younger offenders.
What is probation?
A set of rules with a probation officer who reports to the police
Introduced to help manage offenders outside of prison.
What is the purpose of community service as a punishment?
Unpaid work to benefit the community
Introduced in 1972, it serves to rehabilitate offenders while helping others.
What does electronic tagging do?
Limits where and when offenders can go and monitors their movements
Introduced in the 1990s as an alternative to imprisonment.
What educational initiatives have been introduced in prisons?
Education for offenders
This aims to reduce re-offending rates by providing skills and knowledge.
